The recent increase in usage of concepts such as ‘fake news’ or ‘post-truth’ reveals the importance of digital literacy especially on social media. In the digital era, people’s views on different topics are attempted to be manipulated with disinformation and fake news. Fake content is rapidly replacing the reality among new media users. It is stated with concepts such as ‘filter bubbles’ and ‘echo chambers’ that there is a greater tendency for people to be fed with content that is ideologically appropriate to their own views and to believe in fake news in this content. This article analyzes the structure and functioning of fact-checking organizations in the context of preventing propagation of fake news and improving digital literacy. The research is based on content analysis of verification activities of the fact-checking organization Teyit.org, which is a member of International Fact-Checking Network in Turkey, between January 1 and June 31, 2018. By conducting in-depth interviews with the verification team, propagation of fake news on social networks, fact-checking processes and their methods of combating fake news are revealed. Our article found that fake content spreading specifically through the Internet predominantly consists of political issues.
As in all crisis periods, eyes have turned to both mass media and social media platforms in the period of COVID-19. Misinformation about the spread of the disease, preventive measures and treatment methods can leave much deeper effects than the false news seen in other periods and cause the pandemic to spread further and seriously affect public health. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic becomes even more dangerous with the fake and false news pandemic, which is effective on a global scale, and the need for news validation activities and the organizations that carry out this process increases. In this study, fact-checking activities carried out by Teyit which continued to work as a member of the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) in Turkey, during the pandemi period were discussed. In the study, when compared to the same time period in 2018 in Turkey, the number of suspects examined by Teyit in the first three months of the year 2020 has been shown to increase. In addition, it was determined that the policy category, which ranks first in the questionable content type that has been passed through the fact-checking process, has been replaced by the health category.
Mobil cihaz kullanımıyla birlikte artan mobil haber tüketimi, medya platformlarını, farklı sosyal medya uygulamaları için de yeni haber formatları üretmeye yöneltmiştir. Literatürde bu kapsamda daha çok Twitter, Facebook ve Instagram platformları ele alınırken; aktif kullanıcı sayısı 700 milyonu geçen TikTok uygulaması da habercilerin ilgi alanına girmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada ise, haber kuruluşları ve gazetecilerin de içerik üretim ve dağıtım pratiğine yönelik yeni bir alan olarak dikkat çeken TikTok uygulaması ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, platformda yer alan haber kuruluşlarının TikTok hesapları üzerine bir içerik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Platformda en çok takipçi, beğeni ve içerik sayısına sahip haber kuruluşları tespit edilmiş ve bu kuruluşların bulundukları ülkeler, daha çok hangi haber kategorisinde içerik ürettikleri gibi ana başlıklar üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre en fazla takipçi, içerik ve beğeni sayısının spor kategorisinde yayın yapan haber kuruluşlarında olduğu ve platformdaki haber kuruluşlarının merkezlerinin çoğunluğunun ABD'de olduğu belirlenmiştir. Türkiye'de ise dört haber kuruluşuna ait TikTok hesabı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kullanıcı sayısı her geçen gün artan TikTok'un haber kuruluşları için önemli bir platform olacağını göstermektedir.
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