Nanoparticles have actually been in our lives for many years and begun to possess inevitable place in the life cycle with the gradual development of nanotechnology. Recent studies and improvement indicate that the use of nanoparticles will be expected to increase in many areas such as biology, medicine, engineering and optics in the future. In this review, nanoparticles, their applications, damage and damage prevention methods are discussed.

Bioactive glasses were discovered in 1969 and provided for the first time an alternative to nearly inert implant materials. They formed a rapid, strong, and stable bond with host tissues. This article examines the frontiers of research crossed to achieve clinical use of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. In the 1980s, it was discovered that bioactive glasses could be used in particulate form to stimulate osteogenesis, which thereby led to the concept of regeneration of tissues. Later, it was found that the dissolution ions from the glasses behaved like growth factors, providing signals to the cells. Hereby, the frontiers of knowledge crossed during four eras of development of bioactive glasses led from concept of bioactivity to widespread clinical and commercial use, with emphasis on the first composition, 45S5 Bioglases® were mentioned. The four eras are (a) discovery, (b) clinical application, (c) tissue regeneration, and (d) innovation. Questions still to be answered for the fourth era are included to stimulate innovation in the field and exploration of new frontiers that can be the basis for a general theory of bioactive stimulation of regeneration of tissues and application to numerous clinical needs.

Tile production has an important place in overall ceramic production. There are different types of methods for them. Companies generally use wet route for raw materials preparation. However, dry route has been started to be used at large scale in recent years. There are some advantages and disadvantages for dry and wet route tile productions. This paper was prepared to give detail information about both methods.