Kentler tarih boyunca insanların temel ihtiyaçlarından biri olan su ihtiyacını karşılamak için deniz, ırmak veya göl kenarlarına kurulmuşlardır. Bu nedenle kıyı alanları ile halk ve kent arasında tarih boyunca geliştirilmiş bir iletişim bulunmaktadır. Kentleşmenin artması ile bu ilişki kıyılara her açıdan zarar vermeye başlamıştır. Gelişmiş ülkeler çeşitli yöntemlerle bu durumu en aza indirmiş ve insan-su, kent-deniz ilişkisinin kaybolmasını engellemiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler bu konuda yetersiz kalmıştır. Trabzon dolgu alanları ile denizden uzaklaştırılmıştır. Beşirli mahallesinde yer alan kıyı şeridinde yapılan anket çalışmaları ile kullanıcıların, ulaşım yetersizliği başta olmak üzere, hava kirliliği, koku ve bakımsızlık sorunlarından kaynaklanan kıyı şeridi kullanım alışkanlıklarının azaldığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmada insanların tekrar su ve kıyı ile iletişime geçmesini kolaylaştıracak, bölgenin fauna ve florasına katkı sağlayacak ve şehrin estetik önemini arttırarak bölgenin vurgu noktalarından birisi olmasını sağlayacak bir ekolojik köprü önerilmiştir.

The COVID-19 virus first appeared in Wuhan, China, and has affected the whole world. Due to COVID-19, which spreads rapidly and causes death, countries have taken their own pandemic measures. The first case of COVID-19 was seen in Turkey on March 11, 2020, and on the same day, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Turkey has implemented measures such as full closure and partial closure throughout the country in certain periods during the pandemic process. These measures have increased the time people spend at home and have led to differences in their general lifestyles. These differences have caused various effects, especially on ecological carrying capacity, as well as the changes in the world's economic and social consumption habits (electricity, heating, transportation, etc.). It is observed that the changing human habits due to the pandemic are effective in ecological developments, in cities having cleaner air and environment, and in the positive renewal of natural life. One of the most important components of the ecological footprint, which is used to make ecological differences measurable and comparable, is the carbon footprint. In this study, the individual change in the carbon footprint is discussed and the positive environmental changes in Turkey are questioned in relation to individual human activities. The study comparatively examines pre-COVID-19 (before 1 March 2020) and post-COVID-19 (after 1 March 2020) in terms of individual carbon footprint.

Urban elements are of capital importance and make different sense to both the city and the users. These elements enable users establish visual or physical relationship with the city, they are three-dimensional elements which provide visual richness and identity to the city and to define, identify and specialize the environment in terms of the city. As stated in Gestalt theory, perception of urban elements is the impact in the whole organized by the relationship between the element and other elements in its sight. In order to present the whole, the sight and viewpoint that change depending on the vertical and horizontal eye movements in different distances are to be discussed. Regarding the design of urban elements, the sight and viewpoint play important roles in making decisions for connecting the element with the main circulation of the place and designing other stable and moving elements such as tree, people, building and furniture surrounding the element. In this sense Ataturk Monument in Meydan Parki, one of the important focal points of Trabzon with its historical background and sustainability of city, is evaluated by the users as part of Gestalt theory and principles. The purpose of the study is to identify, in the distance with the highest perceptibility, how these urban elements are perceived and whether the other elements in the sight are effective in perception of the element or not. What the users perceive and how they perceive it in the point with the highest perceptibility, what are the prominent Gestalt theories and principles in the photo with the highest perceptibility, and these theory and principles are studied by means of the students of landscape architecture with different degrees. The study is composed of two sections, introduction and research. In the introduction, perception, environmental perception, factors that affect the perception, and Gestalt theory and principles are briefly explained whereas in the research the purpose of the study, the field of the study, the stages and the methods of the study are determined and as an analysis of data, results, discussions and conclusions are found out. The study indicates that the design problems of the urban elements are not limited with the single design of the element but also the contextual and perceptual aspects have to be discussed and interdisciplinary studies are required. It has been come through that in designing urban elements, determining where the highest perceptibility of the element is required and in this position everything/elements in the sight must be considered as a part of the design and the design of the element must be discussed as this whole. The study is important as it points to the extent of the design problem of an urban element.Keywords: perception; Gestalt theory; Trabzon Meydan Park; Ataturk Monument;

Urban elements are of capital importance and make different sense to both the city and the users. These elements enable users establish visual or physical relationship with the city, they are three-dimensional elements which provide visual richness and identity to the city and to define, identify and specialize the environment in terms of the city. As stated in Gestalt theory, perception of urban elements is the impact in the whole organized by the relationship between the element and other elements in its sight. In order to present the whole, the sight and viewpoint that change depending on the vertical and horizontal eye movements in different distances are to be discussed. Regarding the design of urban elements, the sight and viewpoint play important roles in making decisions for connecting the element with the main circulation of the place and designing other stable and moving elements such as tree, people, building and furniture surrounding the element. In this sense Ataturk Monument in Meydan Parki, one of the important focal points of Trabzon with its historical background and sustainability of city, is evaluated by the users as part of Gestalt theory and principles. The purpose of the study is to identify, in the distance with the highest perceptibility, how these urban elements are perceived and whether the other elements in the sight are effective in perception of the element or not. What the users perceive and how they perceive it in the point with the highest perceptibility, what are the prominent Gestalt theories and principles in the photo with the highest perceptibility, and these theory and principles are studied by means of the students of landscape architecture with different degrees. The study is composed of two sections, introduction and research. In the introduction, perception, environmental perception, factors that affect the perception, and Gestalt theory and principles are briefly explained whereas in the research the purpose of the study, the field of the study, the stages and the methods of the study are determined and as an analysis of data, results, discussions and conclusions are found out. The study indicates that the design problems of the urban elements are not limited with the single design of the element but also the contextual and perceptual aspects have to be discussed and interdisciplinary studies are required. It has been come through that in designing urban elements, determining where the