Church planting is often seen as the best way to grow the church numerically. However, there is surprisingly little research examining this claim in any detail, and the research that exists turns out to be not very well-founded or unclear in terms of sources, definitions, and so forth. Recently, research has been conducted in three small Reformed denominations in the Netherlands, comparing older and younger churches with regard to converts and returnees. The results show that the younger churches gained approximately four times as many converts and five times as many returnees as did older churches. Three explanations seem the most plausible: younger churches are more often in good demographic locations, they spend more time and energy on outreach, and their leadership is more entrepreneurial.

This article reflects on the thesis that new church formation (church planting) is “the most effective evangelistic strategy under heaven” (Peter Wagner). This thesis has achieved the status of doctrine among Evangelical Protestants. It has also found wide acceptance within many Dutch Protestant denominations, in particular the ones with an evangelical mind-set. It is widely believed that church planting is a major strategy for quantitative church growth, by attracting people without a Christian background (‘conversion growth’). These assumptions seem to be closely related to Religious Market Theory. Obviously, any proven strategy for quantitative church growth is highly relevant for the secular context of Western Europe. This article investigates whether these assumptions, of a strategy that originated in America, are justified with respect to the Dutch context. Research is presented, that was recently done in the Netherlands. Its results indicate that churches less than ten years old are, under certain conditions, more effective in reaching outsiders than older churches. Some explanations for this relative success are discussed. It appears that the three main factors for numerical success are: a demographically convenient location, entrepreneurial leadership in line with the ethos of the community, and a concentrated use of time, money and resources.