SPADETO JUNIOR, O.; FIGUEIRÓ, G. M.; ARAÚJO, A. L. de; RANGEL, J. da P. P. Avaliação física e ultrassonográfica da cicatriz em 12 equinos submetidos à celiotomia mediana com fio de poliéster para tratamento de cólica. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 18, n. 2, p. 121-127, abr./jun. 2015.RESUMO: Foi realizado um levantamento das complicações incisionais em 12 equinos submetidos à celiotomia mediana seguida de celiorrafia com fio de poliéster. Os animais foram submetidos a exame clínico e complementar. O exame clínico consistiu na inspeção e palpação da linha média. O método de exame complementar foi a ultrassonografia da linha media na área referente à cicatriz abdominal. Foram encontrados complicações incisionais em sete animais (58,3%). As complicações incisionais encontradas foram fibrose (41,6%), reação ao fio de sutura (41,6%), fístulas (16,6%), edema peri-incisional (25%), infecção incisional (16,6%), drenagem incisional (16,6%). No exame indireto foi observado edema pós-operatório, pequenas áreas focais de líquido ao redor do fio de sutura. Mesmo com as complicações incisionais encontradas e o número de animais examinados, o fio de poliéster mostrou-se resistente e seguro podendo ser utilizado na laparorrafia mediana em equinos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Celiorrafia mediana. Complicações incisionais. Equino. Fio de sutura. PHYSICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF SCAR FROM CELIORRHAPHY WITH POLYESTER THREAD IN HORSES UNDERGOING TREATMENT OF ACUTE ABDOMINAL COLICABSTRACT: A survey on the incisional complications in twelve horses submitted to median celiotomy followed with celiorrhaphy with polyester suture was performed. The animals were submitted to clinical and complementary examination. Inspection and palpation of the midline for clinical evaluation was performed. Ultrasonography of the abdominal scar of the midline area was used as an indirect test. Seven animals presented incisional complications (58.3%), such as fibrosis (41.6%), suture material reaction (41.6%), fistulas (16.6%), peri-incisional edema (25%), wound infection (16.6%), and incisional drainage (16.6%). In indirect evaluation, post-operative edema was observed, as well as small focal areas with fluid around the suture. Despite the incisional complications found and the small number of animals examined, it was concluded that polyester suture proved to be resilient and safe, and can be used in median celiorrhaphy in horses. KEYWORDS: Celiorrhaphy median. Equine. Incisional complications. Suture filament. EVALUACIÓN FÍSICA Y ECOGRAFIA DE CICATRIZ EN 12 EQUINOS SOMETIDOS A CELIOTOMIAMEDIANA CON HILO DE POLIÉSTER PARA TRATAMIENTO DEL CÓLICO RESUMEN: Una encuesta sobre las complicaciones incisionales en 12 equinos sujetados a una celiotomía mediana seguida de una celiorrafia con hilo de poliéster. Los animales fueron sometidos a exámenes clínicos y complementarios. El examen clínico incluyó la inspección y palpación de la línea mediana. Otro método evaluativo fue la ecografía de la línea media en la zona referente a la cicatriz abdominal. C...

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In order to understand the mechanism of denudation of intestine mucosa after irradiation stress with doses used in cancer radiotherapy, rats were whole body irradiated using 60-Co-gamma rays at three doses and two dose rates. Fragments of duodenum mucosa were take off 24 or 48 h after irradiation, and processed for microscopy observations. For each dose and dose rate, one thousand 2 micrometerthick serial epon sections were pictured and digital images were imported into softwares, ImageJ and Reconstruct for 3d reconstruction. Morphological changes were observed within irradiated mucosa when compared to control that worst with dose and dose rate. Numerous lesions were noted as villous atrophy, crypts and villi branched, lamina propria vacuoles, large and numerous irregular villus pleats. Lost of large fragments of epithelial layer were observed. Ultrathin sections of irradiated mucosa revealed typical apoptotic lesions within columnar cells as chromatin condensation of irregular shape nuclei, nuclear fragmentation and swollen mitochondria. Apoptotic cells were detected at crypt bottom but not at villi tip as are usually reported. Apoptotic index increased with dose and post irradiation time. Detachment of two neighbour epithelial layers was detected at crypt stem cells site. Animation of mucosa after 3dr has show entire villi detachment from crypts that propagate longitudinally through mucosa. Apoptotic process induced by radiation and epithelial layer detachment occurred at same site (between villi bottom and crypt corresponding to stem cells position). Thus we established that mucosa denudation occur by entire villi detachment via lost of intercellular contacts of apoptotic stem cells. This study elucidates the enigma of the fast denudation of intestine mucosa following irradiation.

In order to describe radiation induced alterations of renal cell morphology, adult rats were whole-body exposed to 60-cobalt gamma rays at various doses (1, 2, or 4 Gy) and two dose rates (1 Gy/min or 1 Gy/h). 24 h or 48 h after irradiation, kidneys were take off and cortex fragments were fixed and embedded. Paraffin sections were used for light microscope study and TUNEL assay, and epon ones for conventional transmission electron microscope observations. Morphological changes in numerous tubules of irradiated samples were observed mainly in cells of proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and not in distal ones (DCT), as nuclear and cytoplasm lesions. Epithelial cells containing round and small nucleus with homogenous condensed chromatin were detected in 1 Gy/min samples, which number increased with dose and post-irradiation time. Cells protuberances were seen in PCT lumen and identified as cellular proliferations. Damaged cells appeared TUNEL assay positives when compared to same serial histological cuts. Large tubular necrosis areas were seen only at 4 Gy dose, 1Gy/min dose rate and 48 h post-irradiation time that involved all tubules. Ultrastructural lesions were observed in cortex kidneys 24 h after irradiation at 2 and 4 Gy doses and 1 Gy/min dose rate, displaying all features of apoptotic process mainly in PCT isolated cells. Their appeared with dense cytoplasm that contains clusters of enlarged mitochondrias, numerous light vesicles and condensed heterogeneous chromatin within atypical shape nuclei. Others subcellular alterations of epithelial cells were seen only in 4 Gyirradiated samples as brush border irregular microvilli. Some cellular fragments were detected inside the lumen of intact DCT containing recognizable organelles that we suppose to be apoptotic bodies of injured PCT cells. When compared to controls, glomeruli changes were induced at 1 Gy/h dose rate, 24 h after exposition for the two doses of irradiation as detachment of enlarged podocytes from basal membrane, hypertrophy of mesangial cells, damaged endothelial cells and vacuolization of the parietal leaflet.

Heterotopic polyodontia have been described in most domestic species and human. Known as a dentigerous cyst but appropriately called heterotopic polyiodontics, it rarely occurs in horses, however it is easily recognized as a congenital defect. The cysts usually associated with this condition contain part or all of dental structures. The heterotopic tooth or dental structure is usually adhered to the temporal bone and surrounded by a secretory membrane, with a accumulation of exudate and draining tract along the proximal pinna or directly over the cyst. This case report describes in a 2.5-year-old female quarter horse, weighing 430 kg, with a heterotopic polyodontia that contained two easily small’s identifiable dental structures, presented for evaluation of a chronic intermittent mucopurulent exudate discharge from the right sub-auricular region in the mastoid process of the temporal bone and a drainage tract near the right pinna. The diagnosis is established with clinical, radiographic, ultrasound and confirmed by histopathological examination of the structures removed. The cystic capsule was surgically removed, measuring approximately 3.0 x 2.3 cm in diameter, filled with mucopurulent exudate and containing two dental structures within 0.5 cm in diameter and 0.2 cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed a cystic area covered by stratified squamous epithelium with a lympho-histio-plasmatic cell infiltrate in the dermis, which was compatible with heterotopic polyodontia. Postoperatively, there were no neuromotor sequelae and wound healing evolved positively.