No abstract

For the year 2017, renewable energy in the world through photovoltaic systems constitutes around 21% of the total energy generated through renewable sources. In this work, the impact represented by the proposal of a photovoltaic system connected to the grid in terms of reducing losses was analyzed. In the study, the calculation tools PVSyst and DIgSILENT PowerFactory were used to determine the power generation of the photovoltaic installation. Using the Radial 7.7 tool, the power losses were determined. The energy losses of the line were determined using empirical equations developed in the literature discussed. The commissioning of the installation represents a saving of 397 MWh/year. The impact that the installation represents on the grid is represented by a decrease in electrical energy losses and not in the decrease in power losses.

In this work, an economic technical analysis of the implementation of a photovoltaic system to supply a group of 6 offices in the town of Moa is carried out. The study is carried out with the support of the calculation tool PVSyst and using the criteria Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Recovery Period for the economic evaluation. The results indicated that the installation can generate 391,419MWh/a. The Net Present Value resulted from321423.54 USD, while the Internal Rate of Return was 14.64%, higher than the imposed rate of 12%. On the other hand, the Recovery Period of the investment was 6.09 years. The economic evaluation criteria indicate that the variant can be accepted, since it offers income during its useful life..

According to studies carried out, it is estimated that electrical losses due to ohmic effect in conductors can reach up to 70% of the total losses in electrical systems. In the work, a mathematical model is established for the evaluation of technical losses in subtransmission networks of the Holguín province, which considers the effective length of the circuit, the resistance in the conductors and the number of clients connected to said circuit. This calculation model allows, on the basis of the general information available from the circuit (global information), to evaluate the losses, establishing certain simplifications with respect to traditional methods. The results obtained were verified with those of the Radial software. The statistical results indicate that there are no significant differences in means, so the model calculates practical results similar to Radial.

The electrical losses constitute an indicator of the technical state of the electrical networks, which can reach up to 70% of the total losses that occur in an electrical circuit. In this work, the calculation of the technical losses in 140 electrical distribution networks was carried out in the school belonging to the Holguín province in Cuba. The statistical calculation is performed in order to understand the electrical losses in primary distribution networks of the Holguín province. The method used by Empresa Eléctrica Holguín was acquired for power losses, which considered the number of customers, the maximum demand, and the length belonging to the circuit under study. The Buller equation was used to calculate energy losses, which relates the load and loss factors utilizing a coefficient  obtained by statistical considerations. The most affected municipalities were Sagua de Tánamo, Calixto García, and Cacocún, whose losses represented 45% of the total losses. On the other hand, the characteristic coefficient for local primary distribution networks was 0.27.