The scope, scale, and intensity of real, as well as potential attacks, on the Smart Grid have been increasing and thus gaining more attention. An important component of Smart Grid cybersecurity efforts addresses the availability and access to the power and related information and communications infrastructures. We overload the term, Denial-of-Service (DoS), to refer to these attacks in the Smart Grid. In this paper, we provide a holistic and methodical presentation of the DoS attack taxonomies as well as a survey of potential solution techniques to help draw a more concerted and coordinated research into this area, lack of which may have profound consequences. To the best of our knowledge, the literature does not have such a comprehensive survey study of the DoS attacks and solutions for the Smart Grid. INDEX TERMS Denial-of-Service attacks, Smart grid security, Cybersecurity I. ACRONYMS In order to make the paper more clear and easier to read, we provide a table of acronyms in Table 1

Traditional digital forensics is performed through static analysis of data preserved on permanent storage media. Not all data needed to understand the state of examined system exists in nonvolatile memory. Live analysis uses running system to obtain volatile data for deeper understanding of events going on. Sampling running system might irreversibly change its state making collected evidence invalid. This paper proposes combination of static and live analysis. Virtualization is used to bring static data to life. Volatile memory dump is used to enable offline analysis of live data. Using data from memory dump, virtual machine created from static data can be adjusted to provide better picture of the live system at the time when the dump was made. Investigator can have interactive session with virtual machine without violating evidence integrity. Tests with sample system confirm viability of proposed approach.

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