Favism is most common in those who have G6PD deficiency from the Mediterranean region. As hemolytic anaemia is the most common complication of G6PD deficiency, and it can be life-threatening in certain people. Infection, hyperglycemia, certain meals, and certain drugs can all cause hemolysis therefore, the most prevalent enzymopathy is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which affects an estimated 400 million individuals, globally. Exposure to some medicines might cause hemolytic anaemia. The most important management technique is to avoid oxidative stresses by avoiding a hemolytic crisis. Also, avoidance of exposure to food and medicines that causes  hemolytic anaemia episodes This review looks at etiology, epidemiology, pathopysiology, evaluation and management of the disease.

Tracheomalacia is excessive trachea collapse, usually upon expiration. Severe symptoms accompany congenital types. Often milder versions occur following the neonatal period. Adult malacia is mostly linked to pulmonary chronic obstruction. There's still no standardized functional bronchoscopy. Dynamic CT airway is an excellent diagnostic tool. Bronchoscopy and stent insertion led to a major improvement, although with a high incidence of complication. Surgical lateropexia, excision of trachea and external surgical stabilization are possibilities. Aortopexy is the most common operation in children.

Anemia remains a global health problem in the 21stcentury. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type. Childrenare especially vulnerable to the detrimental health consequences of anemia including fatigability, predisposition to repeated infections, and cognitive impairment. Iron deficiency anemia is considered the most prevalent type of nutritional anemia. Insufficient dietary iron intake, decreased iron absorption, and excess iron loss can cause iron deficiency.Accordingly, malnutrition plays a role in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. Saudi Arabia is now in advanced nutrition transition, which means the rates of obesity are high together with malnutrition. In this review, we shed light on the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among the pediatric population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We also focus on the burden of malnutrition and its association with anemia, and evaluate the strategies needed to combat these health problems. Further research all over the Kingdom is needed to expose the full magnitude of anemia. Monitoring of the implementation of the previously existing health programs is needed.