This study provides preliminary support for reliability and validity of WHODAS II in a spinal cord injured population. Limitations were noted for dimensionality and item person distribution. Findings need to be confirmed in larger samples.

AES and FrSBe-A are reliable and valid measures of apathy following TBI. It is suggested that the two scales measure slightly differing aspects of the apathy construct, with AES addressing emotional-affective aspects of apathy more than FrSBe-A, which focuses more heavily on cognitive and behavioral elements of goal-directed behavior.

The 5-point version of the SPRS demonstrates strong psychometric qualities as a measure of participation after traumatic brain injury.

EBL was found to be more effective than ELL for enhancing skills generalization on a task related to training and improving self-awareness and behavioral competency.