No abstract

Phytoconstituents refers to the compounds which are chemical in nature that eventuate in plants. These compounds are non-nutrient compounds which are bioactive and helps in preserving the plants from various kinds of infections or other kinds of pathogens or microorganisms whereas some are creditworthy for the organoleptic characteristics. These compounds are synthesized within the plants from end to end of primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Various active components are discovered and are included in various categories. These active components include alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, phenolics, saponins and tannins etc.. Extraction of these compounds can be done by various methods. For the purpose of extraction that is to extract active components from the plants, high accuracy is needed along with different types of solvents with differing polarities. Various studies done on these experiments tells us that high polarity solvents have high effects. Various extraction techniques are maceration, infusion, decoction, percolation, digestion, soxhlet extraction, aqueous alcoholic extraction by fermentation, supercritical fluid extraction, etc.. These types of techniques are very useful in extraction process. The active components are isolated and purified for requirements. These are done by various chromatographic techniques such as Thin layer chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, etc.. The diverse form of processes for the active components are reviewed in this paper.

Highlights• This paper first proposes a design of a new five input majority gate.• The proposed gate occupies 44.4% less area than the best-reported designs.• The correctness of the proposed gate is proved by designing a new RAM cell.• The proposed RAM cell is efficient in terms of area with lower energy dissipation.• The proposed designs can be used for both single and multilayer architecture.

No abstract