Introduction: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is an oil which is purely made as a product of the coconut palm and has been used for centuries in the culinary industry and the medical field. Currently, VCO is used widely in medical field due to its effectiveness as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Objective of this experimental study was to prove the effectiveness of virgin coconut oil by determining its exposure time at concentration of 25% to inhibit growth of oral Candida albicans. Method: The research was done by quasi experiment design using the serial dilution method. The exposure time test was performed using a spread plate technique with virgin coconut oil at concentration of 25 % against oral Candida albicans isolated from saliva. Intervals of day 0, 1, 2, and 3 were used. Result: The result showed that virgin coconut oil inhibited the growth of oral C. albicans cells at day 2. Conclusion: Virgin coconut oil with concentration of 25% was able to inhibit with 2 days time exposure, which is similar with other synthetic antifungals.

The aim of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of Allium Curcuma with glibenclamide in type-2 diabetes mellitus with or without dyslipidemia. Thirty five patients were recruited and randomized into 2 groups for 14 weeks treatment and assessment. One group received study drug, three times two capsules containing 200 mg turmeric and 200 mg allium extract per day. The other group received 1 capsule of 5 mg glibenclamide as standard drug per day. After 14 weeks of treatment patients with allium curcuma treatment showed significant decreased in fasting blood glucose (192.76 versus 141.71 mg/dL) and 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose (295.35 versus 204.35 mg/dL). HbA1C level was also significantly decreased (10.41 versus8.09). No difference was found in blood pressure, hematology profile, liver and kidney function of both groups. In conclusion, allium curcuma has potential to be used as antidiabetic agent.

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Background: Ocimum americanum (O. americanum) is a natural plant with antibacterial effects inhibits the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacteria in the root canal which is resistance to intracanal medicament. The purpose of this study is to analyze the antibacterial effect of ethanol fractionation of O. americanum towards E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Ocimum americanum is a natural plant that has antibacterial properties against grampositive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity. Enterococcus faecalis is an anaerobic gram-negative bacteria was found in root canals and resistant to various root canal medicament. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibacterial effect of the ethanol fraction of Ocimum americanum against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: The research method was experimental used disc diffusion technique. The fraction is made from solid extract into a polar solution with ethanol solvent with concentration 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The test was performed by measuring the inhibition zones around the disc after 24 hours. Results: Chemical properties of O.americanum are alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, dan terpenoid. Inhibition zone of O. americanum fraction with concentration 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% is 8.8 cm, 9.8 cm, 11.1 cm and 16.7 cm. The measurement of O. americanum inhibition zone showed better results compared than positive control (Minosep). Conclusion:Ethanol fraction of O.americanum has antibacterial effect towards E. faecalis. PENDAHULUAN Daun kemangi (Ocimum americanum/ O.americanum) adalah tanaman herbal yang banyak digunakan di Asia dan Afrika. O.americanum merupakan tanaman yang memiliki aroma yang khas dengan ketinggian 0,7 m, tangkai yang lurus, daun oval berwarna sangat hijau, dengan bunga berwarna merah muda-putih. O. americanum memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap beberapa bakteri rongga mulut dan penyebab penyakit periodontal. 1 Minyak esensial O. americanum memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap P. gingivalis dan P. intermedia dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum 0.35 mg/ml sedangkan terhadap F. nucleatum 0.70 mg/ml. Konsentrasi bunuh minimum terhadap P. gingivalis dan P. intermedia adalah 0.70 mg/ml sedangkan terhadap F. nucleatum adalah 1.4 mg/ml. 1 Penelitian lain yang dilakukan terhadap Streptococcus mutans menunjukkan zona hambat sebesar 28 mm dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum 0,04 %v/v. Zona hambat terhadap

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive cocci present in the root canal due to the failure of endodontic treatment and  pulp tissue necrosis. The ideal root canal medicine offers biocompatible properties, ease of cleaning, absence of tooth staining and non-disruption of the root canal filling process. Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is one of the herbs widely used in salads which produces anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral effects. The antibacterial effect of basil results from the eugenol which represents a main component demonstrating antibacterial properties. Basil essential oil has an antibacterial effect on both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the essential oils contained in basil leaves offer any antibacterial potential with regard to the growth of Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212. Methods: The research was experimental in nature incorporating a simple random sampling technique. In this study, groups of active substance compounds contained in basil leaves were extracted by distillation in order to obtain the essential oil. Preparation of the test solution involved essence of basil leaf oil at concentrations of 5,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 20,000 ppm in methanol solvent. A phytochemical test of basil was subsequently conducted in order to identify the content of the compound. The bacteria in this study was tested utilizing a disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer test) by measuring the diameter of the clear zone (clear zone) which is indicative of the bacterial growth inhibition response of antibacterial compounds in the extract. Results: The results of the research into the phytochemical test showed that basil contains phenolic flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins which produce a negative result on steroids. The results of this study showed that the basil essential oil inhibition zone present in the Enterecoccus faecalis growth had a diameter of 11.70 mm at a concentration of 20,000 ppm. This concentration therefore proved most effective in relation to Enterococcus faecalis than other concentrations. Conclusion: It can be concluded that essential oils of basil leaves demonstrate anti-bacterial inhibitory properties with regard to Enterococcus faecalis.