No abstract

High injection pressures at the onset of injection may indicate an intraneural needle placement and lead to severe fascicular injury and persistent neurologic deficits. If these results are applicable to clinical practice, avoiding excessive injection pressure during nerve block administration may help to reduce the risk of neurologic injury.

Although some myocardial bridges can be asymptomatic, their presence often causes coronary disease either through direct compression of the "tunnel" segment or through stimulation and accelerated development of atherosclerosis in the segment proximally to the myocardial bridge. Th e studied material contained  human hearts received from the Department of Anatomy. Th e hearts were preserved  to  days in  formalin solution. Th ereafter, the fatty tissue was removed and arterial blood vessels prepared by careful dissection with special reference to the presence of the myocardial bridges. Length and thickness of the bridges were measured by the precise electronic caliper. Th e angle between the myocardial bridge fi bre axis and other axis of the crossed blood vessel was measured by a goniometer. Th e presence of the bridges was confi rmed in . of the researched material, most frequently (.) above the anterior interventricular branch. Th e mean length of the bridges was .±. mm and the mean thickness was .±. mm. Myocardial bridge fi bres pass over the descending blood vessel at the angle of - degrees. Th e results obtained on a limited sample suggest that the muscular index of myocardial bridge is the highest for bridges located on RIA, but that the diff erence is not signifi cant in relation to bridges located on other branches. Th e results obtained suggest that bridges located on other branches, not only those on RIA, could have a great contractive power and, consequently, a great compressive force, which would be exerted on the wall of a crossed blood vessel.

Arterial vascularization of the pancreas has been investigated, as well as variation in vascularization of this organ with regard to the existence of age differences. Aim of the investigation was to establish differences, if any, in newborns pancreas vascularization since diseases invading this organ in newborns have increased recently at this particular age. Injection-corrosion method was used on pancreas arteries and their variations. Twenty-four human pancreas specimens were used for this purpose consisting of 24 cadaver organs aged between 45 and 65, and 12 pancreases of still-born babies. Comparison of the findings has shown that there was no difference in the number, ramification pattern and arterial course between the two experimental groups of organs; all possible blood vessel variations were most probably the result of developmental processes which occur during early stages of intrauterine development.

Cerebral-vascular diseases present one of the leading problems of the modern mankind. They are followed by the risk of high mortality rate, and as such cause high level of disability with people who survive cerebral-vascular incident (stroke, apoplexy). Researches done so far proved that beginning, course and result of the cerebral-vascular diseases depend immensely of the possibility to establish collateral blood circulation and first of all on so called tertian level that is actually the circle of Willis. The circle of Willis, thanks to communicating segments, provide detour way to procure parts of the brain which, due to insufficiency, do not get enough quantity of blood. In this particular study by the analysis of 150 MRI patient's angiographies of the circle of Willis that had been processed at the Radiology Institute of the Clinic Center of University in Sarajevo, we tried to present the most common variations of the posterior segment of the circle of Willis with patients who did not have signs of the cerebral-vascular diseases. The analysis included two target groups (above 60 years old and younger than 34 years old) and both genders. By the analysis of the angiographies of the circle of Willis we reached following results: complete posterior configuration of the circle of Willis has been found with all patients in 54% of cases, but in some slightly higher percentage complete posterior configuration is noted with younger category of patients compared to elderly patients, and in some higher percentage with female compared to male patients. Out of variations that damage the posterior segment of the circle of Willis the first one, according to the frequency of occurring, is the variation of the type of unilateral fetal sort of posterior cerebral artery, and then the variation marked as unilateral aplasia or hypoplasia of the posterior communicating artery.