Background Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become one of the most common neuroendoscopic procedures. Methods In this article, we will review the major milestones in the history of ETV development from its early use by Walter Dandy to the techniques currently employed with advanced technology. Conclusions ETV has become an important technique in the armamentarium of the neurosurgeon. From a meager beginning with few applications, our knowledge of long-term outcomes has evolved. ETV has a rich history and more recently, has had a renewed interest in its use. Our current understanding of its indications is growing and is based on a century of development through trial and error.

Knowledge of these connections is useful to neurosurgeons and interventional radiologists.