In the present work, defatted corn germ was hydrolyzed by three proteases and further separated by sequential ultrafiltration with different molecular weight cutoff (100, 10, 2 kDa). Corn germ protein hydrolysate (CGPH) and their fractions were investigated for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and DPP-IV inhibitory activity. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) after 2 hr was 17.5%, 11.14%, and 2.05% for alcalase, trypsin, and flavourzyme, respectively. Trypsin hydrolysate showed the highest DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging and Fe 2+ chelating activity, but a lower α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. F1 fraction (<2 kDa) exhibited highest radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. While F2 fraction (2-10 kDa) showed the higher Fe 2+ chelating and α-amylase inhibitory activity, F1 fraction of flavourzyme showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory and F2 fraction of alcalase and flavourzyme exhibited highest α-amylase inhibitory activity. Hydrolysate and F1 fraction of alcalase and F2 fraction of trypsin showed the highest DPP-IV inhibitory activity. RP-HPLC results showed that trypsin hydrolysate had higher levels of high-hydrophobic peptides. The amino acid composition of the F1 fractions showed high levels of hydrophobic amino acids. Thus, CGPHs may be used as a potential source of antioxidant and antidiabetic peptides in food industry and pharmaceutical application. K E Y W O R D Santidiabetic potential, antioxidant, defatted corn germ, protein hydrolysates

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The purpose of this study was to assess the current concepts of the application of transexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty. Perioperative blood loss in patients who undergo hip arthroplasty is a serious problem. Most patients are old and their cardiovascular system cannot easily tolerate hypovolemia. A literature review of 25 papers on TXA use in hip arthroplasty, to assess efficacy and cost-effectiveness of TXA, as well as the risk of thrombotic events may be useful. Our literature review is based on searching TXA and hip arthroplasty related articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We focused on large meta-analysis articles and randomized clinical trials. Current concepts recommend routine application of TXA in hip arthroplasty, if no contraindications exist.

Background: Intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients is a frequent problem and is becoming more prominent as the proportion of this injury increases. The ideal treatment for an unstable intertrochanteric femoral fracture in senile osteoporotic patients remains controversial. Methods: Seventy-five patients (over 70 years of age) with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were randomized into three groups and treated with three different procedures including long-stem bipolar hemiarthroplasty, proximal femoral nail (PFN), and dynamic hip screw (DHS). Estimated blood loss, duration of the operation, time of full weight-bearing, and Harris Hip Score (HHS) were determined for each patient. Results: Surgical time was longer in hemiarthroplasty group, but the HHS and time from surgery to mobilization in these patients were significantly superior to the two other groups. PFN group had the lowest bleeding volume during surgery. Revision surgery was lower in hemiarthroplasty compared to the internal fixation, although it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: In elderly patients with an unstable intertrochanteric femoral fracture who cannot tolerate long immobilization time, primary long distal fitting bipolar hemiarthroplasty is a valid treatment option for faster mobilization, good clinical efficacy, and satisfactory functional outcome.