No abstract

Different types of plants have been studied for their roles in immunostimulation and treatment of other diseases. The study aimed at evaluating the stimulatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis on innate and adaptive immune responses in mice. Study mice were grouped into five and studied for 21 days; group I (control group) received normal saline. While the treatment groups: group II - V received aqueous leaf extract of C. occidentalis at different concentrations (250, 500, 1000, and 1500) mg/kg body weight (BW). The mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) on day 13th and 18th of the treatment, respectively. On the 19th, 20th, and 21st days, the animals’ delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in each group were measured using a digital Vernier calliper, and humoral immune response was evaluated using the haemagglutination (HA) antibody technique. Blood samples were collected for Carbonic particle clearance index (K) and phagocytic index of Macrophage (α). Organ weight index (g/100g) was also recorded (α). The result showed a significant increase in the Carbonic particle clearance index (p=0.02) and phagocytic index of Macrophage (p<0.0001) in a dose-dependent manner. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in HA titres across the five groups, (p=0.02), also the DTH shows a statistically significant difference across the time (24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours), Wilks’ Lambda = 0. 291, F = 15. 86, p = 0. 0001. The aqueous leaf extract of C. occidentalis has an immunostimulatory effect on innate and adaptive immunity.

Several herbal formulation were not properly documented due to poor scientific data as well as poor standard regulation in preparation and marketing. The study evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Polyherbal formulation on Macrophages’ phagocytic function and Humoral immune response in Mice A total of Sixteen 16 Mice was used. Group I received normal saline, Group II-IV received 500 mg, 1000 mg, and 1500 mg of Polyherbal formulation respectively for 21 days each. The animals were sensitized and challenged with Sheep red blood cells at day 14th and 19th of the treatment respectively. On day 21st all the animals were injected with 0.1 ml Indian ink for carbon clearance assay and blood sample was collected at 1 minute and 15 minutes of the injection. The phagocytic function of Macrophages and humoral immune response were determined spectrophotometrically and Hemagglutination assay respectively. The results show that the highest carbonic particle clearances index (K) median score (Median=0.0228), Macrophage phagocytose index (α) median score (Median=3.249), organ weight index (g/100g) mean score (M=0.06633) and Hemagglutination antibody titre median score (Median=32.00) was recorded by Group IV when compared with other groups. The carbonic particle clearance (K) (p=0.02), phagocytic index of Macrophage (α) (p=0.03), and organ weight index (g/100g) (p<0.0001) significantly increase with increase in the Polyherbal formulation concentration. Hemagglutination antibody titre against Sheep red blood cells (p=0.02) also significantly increased. The extract has potential immunostimulatory activity on both Macrophages’ phagocytic function and humoral immune response in mice thus could be useful in improving immune responses.