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Objective: To compare the periodontal health status among orthodontic and non-orthodontic groups aged between 14-30 years of both genders. Study design And Setting: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Orthodontics and Periodontics from January 2019-till June 2019 at dental Hospital of Bahria Dental College Karachi. Methodology: Those patients aged 14-30 under orthodontics treatment for about 3 months and were able to give consent were included in the study. Periodontal status among both groups (65 orthodontics and 65 non orthodontic) patients was evaluated with the help of CPITN probe on index teeth. To assess the oral hygiene status; the questionnaire was formulated regarding the use and frequency of toothbrush; use of interdental cleaners such as interdental brush, use of mouthwash, use of tongue cleaners and dental appointments. A single observer from periodontics department was appointed for observation and record data of patients coming to orthodontic department and to carry out a clinical examination. The data was scrutinized using SPSS 23, and using the chi-square test various other comparisons were performed. Results: Statistically significant association was observed in CPITN scores between the orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients (p < 0.05). Patients who underwent orthodontic treatment had increased plaque accumulation and probing depth which resulted in periodontal tissue destruction. Conclusion: It was concluded that the periodontal condition of ortho patients was deteriorating as compare to non ortho patient. There was no noticeable attachment loss found that could lead to mobility of the tooth and its loss

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of second mesio-buccal canal in permanent maxillary first molars. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration: Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi during the period from February 2020 to January 2021 Patients and Methods: Three hundred and fifty cases of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-60years. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent. Local anesthesia was given for isolation of rubber dam. The pulp chamber floor was clearly visualized and the access cavity was ready. The location of the MB2 channel in three phases was done. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients were 30.14±17.47 years with mean BMI 25.61±8.25 kg/m2. Among 350 cases, Majority of the patients 225 (64.3%) were male while the rest 125 (35.7%) were females. Majority of the patients were from age group 20-30 years and less patients were between 51-60 years old. Frequency of second mesiobuccal canal was found in 280 (80%) patients. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that prevalence of MB2 channel was reported in 80% in the initially permanent maxillary molars. Most MB2 canal apertures are distal from the main MB channel and most MB2 apertures are palatal. Key words: Permanent maxillary first molar, MB2 canals, Frequency