Artificial insemination in dairy cows is for improving genetic quality and replacement so that high pregnancy success is needed. This research was conducted on a smallholder farm in the Pujon sub-district, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The materials used were 100 cows, 100 in AI using a single dose of BCS 2.5-4 (with a range of 1-5), had given birth. In carrying out the research, the cows have shown signs of heat were injected with Bio ATP. Prior to AI, the estrus character was observed, which was distinguished by the color of the vulva, which was divided into evenly red, uneven red, and pale. The vulvar temperature was distinguished from < 38 °C and > 38 °C. Cervical mucus = cervical mucus was abundant and thick, cervical mucus was abundant and watery, cervical mucus was slightly thick and cervical mucus was slightly watery. Swelling of the vulva, consisting of a swollen vulva and a non-swollen vulva. After one cycle, NRR-1 was observed and not in heat, it was considered pregnant after 2 months of pregnancy examination using ultrasound (USG). The results showed that the highest non-return rate and conception rate values in FH crossbreds were in the red vulva color, 33 cows (33%) and 30 heads (20%) were not evenly distributed. Temperature > 38OC as many as 62 animals (62%) and 38 animals (38%), in the amount of thick mucus 31 (31%) and 19 individuals (19%), vulvar swelling was swollen 68 (68%) and 43 (43%).

The reproductive performance of dairy cows in Indonesia still needs to be improved. The method of Double-dose AI can highly improve the success of AI. The materials used were 160 cows divided into 80 cows inseminated by a single dose and 80 cows inseminated with a double dose. There were two treatments in this research; T1 was AI single dose at the 8th hour after estrus onset, while T2 AI double dose at the 2nd and 8th hour after estrus onset. The Non-Return Rate (NRR 1) was observed on the next cycle after AI. If the cows showed the estrus sign, the insemination was repeated with the same treatment and then continued to observe NRR 2 on the next cycle. After two months, the pregnancy and AI failure were observed using ultrasound. A Chi Square was performed using SAS OnDemand for Academics (ODA, Cary, NC, USA). Moreover, probability values were calculated using the least significant different testing. The results showed that NRR-1 was 83.75% and 85%, while NRR-2 was 62.5% and 68.75% on T1 and T2, respectively. Furthermore, the failure of AI was mainly caused by repeat breeders, which were 28.75% on T1 and T2. It consists of 95.65% and 87.5% of normal ovaries, Corpus luteum persistent at 4.35% and 8.34%, and ovarian hypo function at 0% and 4.16% in T1 and T2, respectively. In conclusion, Artificial Insemination using the double doses method did not significantly improve the pregnancy rate of dairy cows.