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Background: Nickel (Ni) is mostly applied in plenty industrial sections like printing inks, welding, alloy, electronics and electrical professions. Occupational or environmental exposure to nickel may lead to cancer, allergy reaction, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity as well as cell damage, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Method: In here we focused on published studies about cell death, carcinogenicity, allergy reactions and neurotoxicity, and promising agents for prevention and treatment the toxicity by Ni. Results: Our review showed that in last years, more researches have focused on reactive oxygen species formation, oxidative stress, DNA damages, apoptosis, interaction with involving receptors in allergy and mitochondrial damages in neuron induced by Ni. Conclusion: The gathering data in this paper provides useful information about the main toxicities induced by Ni also, their fundamental mechanisms, and how to discover new ameliorative agents for prevention and treatment, by reviewing agents with protective and therapeutic consequences on Ni induced toxicity.

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