A review of the main additive manufacturing technologies including vatpolymerization, material extrusion, material jetting, binder jetting, powder-based fusion, sheet lamination, and direct energy deposition is provided. Additionally, the dental applications of polymer, metal, and ceramic printing technologies are discussed.
Objectives
Several systematic literature reviews have assessed the scientific evidence on resin bonding protocols to conventional 3 mol% ytrria‐stabilized zirconia (3Y‐TZP) ceramics. It has been widely discussed, however, that the differing composition and physical properties of new high‐translucent zirconia generations (4Y‐TZP and 5Y‐TZP) may require alternative bonding materials and procedures. This paper reviewed in vitro studies on the success and durability of bonding protocols to high‐translucent zirconia.
Material and methods
A systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane Library for in vitro studies on bonding to new zirconia generations published until November 2020 was conducted and complemented by a manual search. Studies selected for review fulfilled the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials.
Results
Of 629 screened articles, 18 were included in this review. They investigated different surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, aging procedures, and bond strength test protocols. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta‐analysis.
Conclusions
The available evidence suggests that resin bonding protocols successfully applied to conventional zirconia are also the most successful for high‐translucent zirconia. Airborne particle abrasion and special phosphate monomer‐containing primers or composite resin cements provide long‐term durable resin bonds.
Clinical significance
Durable bonds can be established between high‐translucent zirconia and resin cements. The bonding materials and procedures applied do not compromise their physical properties.
Recorded instructional videos were the preferred method of delivering practical demonstrations for students in the preclinical courses of fixed prosthodontics. Instructors must focus on using the technological aids to increase their positive interaction with students. Instructional videos have been incorporated as important tools in the dental classroom setting.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.