Long days ago, there was all kind of work which is only done by the humans. There were no such machines and technologies like today. At that time, science is not developed and technologies were not invented. So the working is totally dependent on the peoples and humans have recognised that "Today"s science is the tomorrow"s technology". New superiorly advanced technologies are not less than blessing of god. Adaptive inventions for reducing the human work and bright future were invented which is simply called as Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning. Even though there were many false assumptions at the early beginning, we are witnessing a new era of errorless technology and superior science. This review involves the general concepts of artificial intelligence and machine learning.

The function of biomaterials has been to replace infected or injured tissues. The first used biomaterials were bioinert, thus minimizing formation of scar tissue at the interface with host tissues. Bioglass was discovered in 1969. Larry Hench developed Bioglass 45S5, which was the earliest synthetic substance that was bonded chemically with bone. In recent researches it has appeared that Bioglass bonds with bone more readily than other bioceramics; it also indicated that the osteogenic properties are due to stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells by the dissolution products formed from Bioglass. Bioglass is chemically calcium sodium phosphosilicate, which is capable of forming an active chemical bond with the tissues. Bioglass is particularly biocompatible which, when placed in body cavity or on reacting with body stimulating factors, induces hydroxyapatite formation. This paper reviews Bioglass as a material of modern dentistry and its various applications in modern dentistry. It also discusses its composition, methods of preparation, and mechanism of action, along with its advantages and disadvantages.

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The advent of dentin adhesive technology in endodontics has made monoblock a well known concept in endodontics. However it has created many controversies on whether monoblock would reinforce the roots and provide a superior coronal seal.In this review, attempts have been made to understand monoblock in a broader aspect and understand how the monoblock concept can be applied to the materials used till date which rehabilitates the root canal space. The potential of currently available bondable materials to achieve mechanically homogeneous units with root dentin is then discussed in relation to the classical concept in which the term monoblock was first employed in restorative dentistry and subsequently in endodontics.

ProTaper retreatment files and D-RaCe files are recommended over other instrument systems in terms of quality for managing retreatment root canal cases.