Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality and is responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal deaths each year in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Creactive protein (CRP) in neonatal sepsis. Fifty nine consecutive patients with risk factors and clinical features suggestive of CRP sepsis were selected as per operational definition and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed physical examination was carried out. Blood sample for culture and CRP was taken from all the patients. Results of blood culture and CRP were noted down in the performa. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 16. Among selected patients 31/59 (52.5%) were male whereas 28/59 (47.5%) were female. Mean age of all patients was 15.47+7.26 days and mean weight was 2.94+0.63Kg. Temperature instability was present in 79.7%, Tachypnea in 69.5%, Tachycardia in 66.1%, delayed capillary refill in 64.4% and oliguria in 55.9%. Blood cultures were positive in 64.4% and raised CRP was found in 64.5%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive of raised CRP was found to be 97.3%, 95.2%, 97.3% and 95.2% respectively. In conclusion this study show that C-reactive protein has high sensitivity and specificity for establishing the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis which is comparable to that of blood culture results.

A prospective study was conducted in Nishtar Medical Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 to assess the incidence of osteoporosis before liver transplant in patients with chronic liver disease. A total of 70 patients were included in the study. A liver biopsy was used to confirm the hepatological diagnosis. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry through a densitometer was used for measuring bone mineral density. Results showed that the prevalence of osteoporosis at the femoral neck and lumbar spine was 37%, and in only 14.3% of cases, bone density at these sites was normal. More patients had osteopenia and osteoporosis at the femoral neck (41.7%) compared to the lumbar spine (24.2%) (P=0.009). Osteoporosis was not associated with the severity of the disease; its prevalence was 39%, 32%, and 36% in those with Child-Pugh A, B, and C, respectively (P=0.78). Lower weight (P=0.0007) and increasing age (P=0.038) were independent risk factors for osteoporosis during chronic liver disease. Results show that osteoporosis is highly prevalent in subjects with chronic liver disease before a liver transplant score.