L’Érismature à tête blanche Oxyura leucocephala est une espèce classée dans la liste rouge de l’UICN comme menacée, elle est également protégée par la législation algérienne en tant qu’espèce menacée de disparition. Basé sur les recensements hebdomadaires des adultes, mâles et femelles, et des nichées (ou familles) sur le site Ramsar du Lac Tonga, site de nidification le plus important de l’espèce sur la rive sud de Méditerranée, notre travail cherche à actualiser l’état de cette population afin d’élaborer un plan d’action national pour sa sauvegarde. Les observations sur les adultes et les nichées (ou familles) en période de pré-nidification et de nidification, effectuées chaque année en 2006, 2007 et 2008, mettent en évidence une nette augmentation des effectifs par rapport aux données déjà obtenues sur ce site en 1991-1992.
Breeding biology of the White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala at Lake Tonga (Algeria). The study of the reproductive phenology of the White-headed Duck was carried out at Lake Tonga, a wetland of international importance for the nesting of this species across the Mediterranean basin. The following breeding parameters have been studied in 2007 and 2008 : dates of laying and hatching, clutch size and breeding success. The breeding population was estimated at 78 males and 26 females in 2007 and at 71 males and 22 females in 2008. Laying is recorded during a period of 9 to 11 weeks from late April to mid-July. A brood size of 3.2 ± 1.6 young (n = 17) was recorded in the first year of study and another of 3.9 ± 1.4 young (n = 37) in the second one. Young fledged between late June and early September. The data obtained in this study suggest that the White-headed Duck may be considered as a bird almost constant in terms of life-history traits in Algeria.
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