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A pilot-scale trial was undertaken in a 7•4 m kiln to demonstrate the production of belite calcium sulfoaluminate cement clinker using sulfur as a raw feed. The sulfur was introduced in its elemental form as fuel to the burner, thus partially offsetting fuel costs while providing sulfur trioxide which is incorporated in the clinker. The study demonstrates that sulfur trioxide is readily sequestered into cement clinker in a standard rotary kiln; however, some scrubbing of the exit gas may still be required. As the products of scrubbing (anhydrite or gypsum) are usually required to optimise the cement formulation, the recovered sulfur product can find an immediate use in the final cement product. This trial demonstrates the successful production of targeted belite calcium sulfoaluminate clinkers at scale using sulfur as both a fuel and sulfur trioxide source. Advances in Cement ResearchVolume 28 Issue 10 Production of belite calcium sulfoaluminate cement using sulfur as a fuel and as a source of clinker sulfur trioxide: pilot kiln trial Hanein, Galan, Elhoweris et al.

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The compatibility of phases within the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–SO3–Fe2O3 system is revisited. The influence of the SO2 partial pressure on the formation of phases and the stability of phase assemblages is addressed by means of new experimental methods (performed under controlled atmospheres) and thermodynamic calculations. Existing data from the literature are compiled and compared with the results obtained from this work. The results obtained are linked to real clinker formulations, and practical implications are discussed.