Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a series of disorders which comprises anovulation, hyper-androgenism indications and polycystic ovaries. There are many causes of amenorrhea such as estrogen-deficient amenorrhea, estrogen-replete amenorrhea, exercise induced amenorrhea, stress induced, medication induced amenorrhea, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, hypothalamic amenorrhea and PCOS. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to review the frequency of amenorrhea in patients with PCOS. To review about the complex relationship between the PCOS and amenorrhea. Is really amenorrhea is common complaint in all PCOS patients? METHODs: I reviewed articles from Google Scholar, Sci-hub, and PubMed etc. There is a lot of data which I reviewed. Data from females came with different gynecological complaints are also reviewed and females with PCOS are also reviewed.RESULT: By reviewing previous studies, oligo-amenorrhea is much more common than amenorrhea in females diagnosed with PCOS in their reproductive age. Amenorrhea especially secondary amenorrhea is most common in teenagers and adolescents. PCOS is common cause of secondary amenorrhea but PCOS is more common in females with oligo-amenorrhea. CONCLUSION: In previous studies, there are many patients with complaints of amenorrhea and diagnosed with PCOS but there are also some patients who came with other gynecological complaints and diagnosed with PCOS. So this also challenges somehow the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS.

The contemporary study explored the impacts of nonperforming loans on banks profitability. In order to find the effects of non-performing loans on bank profitability, the study included controlled variables as deposit to total assets, liability to total assets and size of the bank. The study population comprises of Pakistani commercial banks. The study sample is made up of 10 years of data from 2006 to 2015. By testing the hypotheses, diverse econometric tests corresponding correlation, ordinary least square regression and autoregressive model were applied. The study originated a negative and significant association of non-performing loans on bank profitability. Deposit to total assets have positive, however insignificant association with bank profitability (return on asset, return on equity). Liability to total assets has negative significant relation with bank profitability. In the same way, the study also established a positive and significant relationship of the size of the bank and banks profitability. The study also found that NPLs is negatively associated with share prices.

Metabolic Syndrome has High Prevalence in PCOS.Objective:This present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of MetS in PCOS patients using the related previously published data.Methods: The present systematic review was based on the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was done using MeSH keywords in databases of PubMed, biomedcentral.com, Obgyn science and Google scholar search. We used Cochran's Q test and I2 Index to evaluate the relation among the studies and the random effects model was used to combine the results. Article review and discussion were precisely described with their refrences on the end of study.Results: 12 studies including 2600 plus patients with PCOS were included in the final analysis. Total heterogeneity was high . The prevalence of MetS in PCOS patients was estimated to about 70% in total patients with the history of pcos.Conclusion:Considering the prevalence of Metaboolic Syndrome in PCOS patients, diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in PCOS patients is necessary to reduce the causes and effects on the mortality rate.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a very common female endocrine; metabolic and reproductive disorder mainly affects females of reproductive age. It is multiple organ disorder affects 5 to 10 % female population. The world occurrence of PCOS is 105 million in the age ranges from 15 to 45. This metabolic dysfunction is closely related with obesity, hirsutism, acne and pregnancy complications. Around 5-10% of female population is affected, obese women are more prone to PCOS. Objective: To evaluate the comparison of polycystic ovaries between obese and non-obese females. Methods: A literature search was performed with the use of search engines. The following search engines provided the articles for this systematic review, PubMed, Medscape, NCBI, and Google Scholar. For article searching following keywords were used; Polycystic ovaries, obese and non-obese. Results: As literature reviewed of 30 articles and only 39 were included in this review, it is found that Mean age of all subjects was 24-35 year. Obese 20-29 year and non-obese 19-35 year. Hirsutism was observed mostly in obese patient of PCOs and not observed in non-obese. Incidence of Amenorrhea was higher in non-obese than obese patients. Acne was observed in all patients.Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a significant effect of obesity on clinical features of patients with PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ratio increase at age of menarche worldwide.Objective: The objective is to determine the cause of PCOD/PCOS at the age of menarche.Methods: Age at menarche was compared with PCOS/PCOD, The data extracted by Medline, PubMed and Obsgyne online library that were queried for studies published between 1998 to 2021 by using specific MeSH terms. We reviewed 10 cross-sectional style analytical studies for the collection of data in this systematic article.Results: 10 studies conducted between the years 1998 to 2021 included in this systematic review. The age of menarche is between 10-18 years. Menarche is one of the major causes of PCOD/PCOS due to poor diagnosis of normal pubertal ovaries and polycystic ovaries. At the age of menarche the weight ratio is subjectively increased due to poor diet and then BMI increased. So PCOD/PCOS ratio increases day by day at the age of menarche.Conclusions: Age at menarche in women with PCOS is influenced by BMI and genetic Variants and poor diagnosis at ultrasound scan.