The relationship between urban sustainability of new smart cities and infrastructure projects has become integrated, and reflects the country's progress and prosperity, smart infrastructure projects classified in two main categories, the first is upgrading or retrofitting the built-up infrastructure and provide it with smart solutions, the second is establishing a new infrastructure for new urban sprawl or replace the built-up infrastructure with new one to cope with the global population increase. The concept of smart infrastructure is derived from the idea of the smart city which is described as a comprehensive system with different elements such as stakeholders, environment, economy, mobility, and living conditions of a given geographical space with efficient information communication technology (ICTs). Therefore, Stakeholders is one of the main success factors of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in smart infrastructure projects, Hence, studying and analyzing stakeholders role in smart infrastructure projects through PPPs concept will decrease opposition leading to a non or ineffective implementation of the project as a result of the gap between the expectations of different stakeholders involved in PPPs on the desired process or outcome of the project. The presented study aims to establish a successful PPPs for smart infrastructure project phases with presenting a clear image of stakeholder's roles, and highlights PPPs challenges, characteristics, state's models, and agreements methods, especially with the high cost of these projects, to reach a set of recommendations aid to improve efficiency, quality, and affordable costs to achieve a sustainability whether in retrofitting or in the new urban sprawl.

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Existing buildings are the massive percentage of the building stock, and therefore, are the key to improving efficiency; buildings account for an enormous share of the climate change crisis, and approximately 40% of the world total energy consumption (McArthur & Jofeh, 2015). The Egyptian stock of buildings includes about 12 million buildings. 60% of these buildings are residential. The final electricity consumption of the residential buildings in 2010 was 51370 GWh and increased in 2014 to reach 62441 GWh. Thus the share of total energy consumption was 18.8% in 2010 and increased to reach 21.55% in 2014 ("Technology Roadmap - Energy efficient building envelopes.", 2013). Therefore, the residential sector plays an important role in the mitigation of energy consumption crisis, which is expected to increase. The research field and initiatives in Egypt on the green buildings and green buildings retrofits are rare and, if existing, are weakly applied. Unlike in developed countries, there is a large research on building retrofits, e.g., the Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (R-PACE) program and the weatherization assistance program (WAP) of the department of energy (DOE). Both are examples of the incentives to green building initiatives globally. This paper discusses the challenge of greening the existing residential buildings in Egypt by demonstrating an analysis of the motives and the barriers to applying green measures in the Egyptian market. The research methodology comprises the analytical-comparative method. In the analytical part; the paper identifies the current situation of the residential sector energy consumption in Egypt, and the benefits of greening existing buildings for tenants, investors, and owners. In the comparative part, the current situation of Egypt's Green Market Business Case is compared with the international one, discussing the challenge of greening the residential buildings. The paper summarizes the opportunities to improve the building energy efficiency, incentives, and policies that are developed to address significant financial and technical awareness to building efficiency. These policies will help enable critical market actors to make decisions to promote energy efficiency in existing buildings.

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