The synchronisation of school entry health examinations in Lower-Saxony is an example of how different protocols of diagnosis and documentation can be adapted to each other to enable joint data analysis without loosing their individual characteristics.

Chronic kidney disease is a long term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function at least a period of 3 months or more. About two-thirds of the cases are mainly caused due to HTN and DM. The symptom load plays a crucial role in the patient's disease experience and among the main signs of CKD are troubling physical and psychological symptoms. The evaluation of the symptom burden of CKD patients is of the utmost importance in clinical management. The risk factors include age, sex, race and ethnicity, family history, drug use, smoking, and socioeconomic status; and other comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. Some risk factors can be modified and prevent or slow down the progression to ESRD. CKD progression is associated with serious complications such as cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, anemia, nutritional issues, and mineral and bone disorders.

Vascular dementia and cognitive impairment are major problems in stroke which must be diagnosed properly and very less effort is put into management of cognitive decline after stroke.This study is a prospective; questionnaire based observational study conducted for 6 months among stroke patients admitted into in patient setting of a tertiary care teaching hospital done to estimate the prevalence of stroke based on age, sex and educational status and to estimate the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment among stroke patients using neuropsychological testing. Data was collected from a total of 181 stroke patients of the age distribution 20 to 85 y with a mean age of 57.68±12.34 y and 75.6% patients were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 24.3% with hemorrhagic stroke. Majority (76.79%) of patients were from rural population. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, Revised text criteria were used to assess dementia. Mini-mental state examination and short portable mental state questionnaire were used to know the extent of cognitive impairment. Various comorbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and epilepsy were observed in 69.06% patients. The percentage (45.83%) of people with mild cognitive impairment is high with short portable mental state questionnaire and the percentage (77.69%) of people with moderate dementia is high using mini-mental state examination. 92.81% patients out of 181 were prescribed with neuroprotective drugs. The tools used for screening dementia are not perfect in case of uneducated patients and patients with low education. Current hypotheses and methodologies for the management of post-stroke dementia must be re-evaluated, and new strategies need to be explored.