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A combined digital image correlation (DIC) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) study of the multi-scale strain distribution and microstructure evolution during tensile loading has been carried on 316L stainless steel samples prepared by selective laser melting (SLM). The initial material shows a range of microstructural heterogeneity. Macro- and micro-DIC results reveal a non-uniform distribution of plastic strain over several length scales, including the formation of localized slip-bands at the intra-grain level. No obvious correlation is found between the heterogeneity in plastic strain and either grain size, grain morphology or the orientation of the cellular structures formed during SLM. Intragranular orientation subdivision and the evolution of local misorientation have also been investigated by EBSD during tension, where a complex pattern of heterogeneity in both microstructure and plastic strain is found.