The ways of Native American women who choose to follow the healing path include the following: the way of the daughter, the way of the householder, the way of the mother, the way of the teacher, and the way of the wise woman. Each of these ways toward spiritual development, or "disciplines that accord with the age of the aspirant and her duties within the sacred wheel of life" (Allen, 1991, p. lo), leads one to ever more specialized modes of work. We have accepted this developmental framework as a guide for the description of diverse American Indian' women's quest for mental health. Whether their well-being is deemed effective functioning, adaptation, and competence or living a peaceful (Hopi), artfulWe thank the following women who provided research ideas listed in Exhibit
Background There is currently limited guidance from the American Diabetes Association regarding transitions of care for patients with diabetes. Objective This study’s aim was to determine the impact of a diabetes-specific transitions of care clinic (TOCC) on hospital utilization and patient outcomes in recently discharged patients with diabetes. Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients seen by TOCC as compared with similar patients discharged from the study institution the year prior. The primary outcome was a composite of the number of unique patients with readmissions/emergency department (ED) visits within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes included a subcomponent analysis of readmissions/ED visits, index hospital length of stay (LOS), and to describe clinical interventions made in clinic. This study was approved by the institutional review board of the Office of Responsible Research Practice at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Results There were 165 patients in the TOCC group and 157 in the control group based on the matching criteria. There was a statistically significant decrease in the primary outcome in the TOCC group versus the control group (18% vs 36%, P < 0.001). In evaluation of its subcomponents, there was a statically significant decrease in patients with readmissions (11% vs 26%, P < 0.001) but not ED visits (10% vs 17%, P = 0.096). The LOS for the TOCC group was shorter at 4 days versus 5 days in the control group ( P = 0.055). Conclusions and Relevance The implementation of a diabetes-specific TOCC can decrease both readmissions and ED visits and may impact hospital LOS. In addition, a TOCC can be used to identify gaps in preventive care. The results from this study may help support the creation of similar TOCC at other institutions.
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