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The self-aggregation of alkyl (C10-, C12-, C14-, and C16-) triphenyl phosphonium bromide surfactants (ATPBs) and their equimolar binary mixtures in aqueous medium was studied microcalorimetrically and conductometrically at different temperatures. The thermograms of C10- and C12TPB have shown differences in behavior from those of C14- and C16TPB. Their binary (1:1 mol/mol) mixtures with C10- or C12TPB as one of the components have also evidenced differences in behavior. Individually as well as in mixed conditions, the ATPBs have indicated formation of two states of aggregation corroborated by both calorimetric and conductometric measurements. On the basis of the results, the thermodynamic parameters, free energy (ΔG m°), enthalpy (ΔH m°), entropy (ΔS m°), and specific heat (ΔCpm°), of micellization have been evaluated. The specific heat has been found to vary linearly with the carbon number in the ATPB chain. The ΔH m° and ΔS m° values for the micellization of the pure ATPBs have nicely compensated each other. The free energy of transfer of a mole of CH2 from an aqueous environment to a micelle was found to be −2.0 kJ mol-1.

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The vast majority of the currently available vocational assessments are used to measure a worker's physical body functions and/or work capacity, while very few, if any, can be utilized to measure actual work performance. Within this research project, the authors conducted a brief review of the literature and synthesized the existing evidence related to some of the key vocational assessments that are utilized by occupational therapists. It was found that the current "gold standard" of vocational assessment is the Functional Capacity Evaluation, yet the evidence does not fully support its reliability and validity in determining an employee's ability to safely return to work. Alternative assessment options were explored, emphasizing the utilization of occupation-focused, performance-based assessment strategies. It is concluded that occupational therapists need to take action to develop and promote the use of performance-based measures of actual work ability. Occupational therapists must capitalize on their unique strengths of evaluating occupational performance and take the lead to develop standardized means of assessing, measuring, and predicting work performance and work status.