Mexican-style soft cheese known as queso fresco (QF), which is often unpasteurized, has been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) exercises discretion in enforcement of noncommercial importation of cheese. To test control measures aimed at decreasing unlawful QF importation, in 2009 the FDA temporarily enforced a requirement for formal commercial entry for all cheeses over 5 lb (2.3 kg) at the San Diego–Tijuana border. Enforcement was combined with educational outreach. Border crossers importing cheese and those not importing cheese were surveyed at the beginning and end of the temporary enforcement period. Data collected included participant demographic information, knowledge of QF-associated health risks, and attitudes and practices regarding QF consumption and importation. We surveyed 306 importers and 381 nonimporters. Compared with nonimporters, importers had a lower level of knowledge regarding QF-associated health risks (P < 0.0001). Border crossers carrying cheese were more likely to have less education, be U.S. or dual residents, consume QF more frequently, and cross the border less often. Importation and consumption of unpasteurized QF remained prevalent among border crossers during the temporary enforcement period, and the level of knowledge regarding QF-associated risks remained low among these crossers. More vigorous, sustained messaging targeted at high-risk groups is needed to change behaviors. Definition and consistent enforcement of limits will likely be needed to reduce QF importation and the risk of QF-associated diseases along the U.S.–Mexico border; however, public health benefits will need to be balanced against the cost of enforcement.

The objective of this article was to identify the factors that lead to intrisive perception and general attitude of students at Tra Vinh University towards online advertising. This study used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with 250 students responding to questionnaires at the university. The result demonstrated that intrisive perception is affected by factors such as, content obscuring, and the attraction of online advertising, where the factor of content obscuring influences in the same direction with intrisive perception. It was alsoconcluded that discomfort can be caused by online advertising and result in a negative impact on the people’s attitude towards websites.

This paper aims to analyze the factors affecting the expenditure on education of farming households in Tra Vinh province. The data were collected from the interviews with 200 farmers in Tra Vinh province. The two-stage Heckman model was applied to identify the determinants affecting the decision and amount of investment in education of the farming households. The estimated results showed that factors affecting the educational investment decision included ethnicity, tuition fees, household poverty status, asset value, and distance to school. In addition, other variables such as tuition fees, extra classes, total schooling members, household income also affected the amount of investment , which contributed to the increase of these expenses.

The objective of the article is to identify the factors affecting the decision and the amount of money spent on health care by households in Tra Vinh province. The research data were collected from 200 households in Tra Cu and Cau Ke Districts in Tra Vinh province. Based on the application of Probit regression model, the research team identified the major decisions affecting the health expenditure of households. The estimation results show that the factors affecting the inclination to spend money on the health of the farmers are: Ethnicity; Age of household head; Educational attainment of the household head; Distance from the residence to the nearest health establishments; Economic situation of households. Tobit regression model identified the factors that affect the amount of money spent on health care of the household.

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