Uma visão mais ampla de competência comunicativa para comunicações aeronáuticas: Implicações para o ensino e exames de alta relevância Ana Lúcia Tavares MONTEIRO (ANAC) 1 Neil BULLOCK (Lancaster University) 2 ABSTRACT This paper examines language used in radio communication between pilots and Air Traffic Controller Officers (ATCOs). It demonstrates that such communication is extremely complex, requiring a certain level of technical knowledge and is influenced by many other observable factors. Using research data from two studies involving nearly 200 aviation English professionals, this paper first presents a matrix that maps the construct of aeronautical radiotelephony (RT) communication (MONTEIRO, 2019a). Then, it explores the perceptions of a group of pilots and ATCOs on the multiple factors that may impact communication in this professional context. There then follows an application of this emerging list of factors in the analysis of a non-routine scenario of pilot/ATCO interaction. Integration of findings confirms the many complex features that form the communicative exchanges in this highly technical domain and the range of competencies required for effective and safe outcomes. Implications for teaching and high-stakes testing of these aviation professionals are discussed with the aim of improving communicative competence above a purely linguistic level and to increase the validity of inferences drawn from test results.

In this paper a method of calculating critical loads is used which involves applying an auxiliary moment M at one point of the structure, calculating the resulting rotation 0, and equating to zero the derivative dM/dd. This method makes it possible to easily investigate certain modes of buckling that would "otherwise be apt to escape attention, as the unsymmetrical buckling of a uniformly loaded bar of two equal spans with axial load.The critical end load for a one or two span strut with lateral load is found to be independent of the lateral load. For a two span strut, the critical load is found to lie between the Euler loads for the long and short span separately.Two new problems are taken up. One is that of a two-bay strut with rotationally elastic middle support. The critical load varies from the value for a simple two-bay strut when the spring constant is zero to the value for the strut with locked middle joint when the spring constant is infinite. The other new problem is that of a straight bar buckled to an arch and supporting lateral load on the convex side. The ends are held a fixed distance apart, and the problem is to find the lateral load necessary to cause collapse. It is found that L Q CR -23.2 P eu a/L where q CR is the intensity of the critical lateral load, a the initial deflection of the buckled bar, L the length and P eu the Euler load for the bar.The arched bar collapses unsymmetrically.

The high-stakes context of international radiotelephony (RT) communication, in which pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCOs) use aviation English (AE) as a lingua franca, requires a robust testing policy that is clear and fair to all stakeholders. The ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements have been criticized for their lack of fit with pilots’ and ATCOs’ real-life communicative needs, for both native and non-native speakers of English (Douglas, 2014; Kim, 2012). This paper reports on a multiphase mixed methods study that investigated the proficiency construct (awareness, knowledge, skills, and attitudes) in pilot-ATCO intercultural RT, following Fulcher and Davidson’s (2007) test development framework. Drawing on theoretical and empirical studies in the domains of Aviation English, English as a Lingua Franca, Intercultural awareness, and Interactional competence, the communicative demands of pilots and ATCOs involved in intercultural RT communications and how they can be specified within a construct framework and operationalized as test tasks were explored. Integration of findings underscored the value of a broader view of professional communicative competence for intercultural RT communication and the importance of giving voice to aviation stakeholders in all phases of the test development process.

No abstract

No abstract