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A capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionisation detection (FID) has been developed for the analysis of Tamoxifen, Anastrozole, and Letrozole in their pharmaceutical preparations, using Clomipramine as the internal standard in order to achieve quantification. Optimal conditions were investigated: column head pressure (110 kPa), injector and detector (FID) temperatures (both 3258C), time and temperature for the splitless step (0.75 min and 708C), volume injected (2 lL), and an oven temperature program providing analysis times shorter than 8 minutes. The principal aspects of the validation method are examined and discussed. A test of the ruggedness of this method was carried out using the Plackett-Burman fractional factorial model with a matrix of fifteen experiments. Detection limits of 17.0, 9.6, and 30.6 lg L -1 were obtained for Tamoxifen, Anastrozole, and Letrozole, respectively. This method is simple, rapid, and sensitive; it was tested on the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations, achieving recoveries between 98.8% and 100.3%.

A sensitive and reliable method based on MEKC has been developed and validated for trace determination of neonicotinoid insecticides (thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid) and the metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in water and soil matrices. Optimum separation of the neonicotinoid insecticides was obtained on a 58 cm long capillary (75 μm id) using as the running electrolyte 40 mM SDS, 5 mM borate (pH 10.4), and 5% (v/v) methanol at a temperature of 25°C, a voltage of 25 kV and with hydrodynamic injection (10 s). The analysis time was less than 7 min. Prior to MEKC determination, the samples were purified and enriched by carrying out extraction-preconcentration steps. For aqueous samples, off-line SPE with a sorptive material such as Strata-X (polymeric hydrophobic sorbent) and octadecylsilane (C₁₈) was carried out to clean up and preconcentrate the insecticides. However, for soil samples, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was applied with C₁₈ used as the dispersant. Good linearity, accuracy, and precision were obtained and the detection limits were in the range between 0.01 and 0.07 μg mL⁻¹ for river water and 0.17 and 0.37 μg g⁻¹ for soil samples. Recovery levels reached greater than 92% for all of the assayed neonicotinoids in river water samples with Strata-X. In soil matrices, the best recoveries (63-99%) were obtained with MSPD.