In recent years there multiple studies have been carried out on early diagnosis of scoliosis on school and preschool children. The diagnosis and evaluation of scoliosis is done by carrying out X-rays. A protocol is implemented for tracking the evolution of a scoliosis which involves both clinical control and imaging (X-ray) every 6 months, until the end of the growth period of the child. Because investigations such as X-ray and CT, can have harmful effects on the child's growing body (recent studies have shown that X-ray affects the skin, eyes, hematopoietic tissue, gonads and may cause cancer), new methods for diagnosing and tracking the evolution in time were researched. The present paper tries to present the current methods used in the diagnosis and assessment of scoliosis evolution in time, pointing out the main advantages and disadvantages of each method. There are a few methods developed in recent years in Germany by Zebris Medical Gmbh (using mapping with ultrasonic digital equipment), in Canada by InSpeck (using three-dimensional mapping through digital image acquisition) but used on a small scale. The newly developed methods have the advantage of being non-invasive, painless, non-irradiating and they can be used regardless of health status or gender. Although medical technology has developed very rapidly in recent years, radiology remains the most common method of investigation used for scoliosis. Certainly, in the near future the methods presented in this paper could be used more widely, for the benefits arising from their use. Key words: scoliosis, methods of investigation and evaluation, advantages, disadvantages. RezumatÎn ultimii ani s-au realizat multiple studii privind diagnosticarea precoce a scoliozelor la școlari și preșcolari. Diagnosticarea și evaluarea unei scolioze se realizează în prezent prin efectuarea de radiografii. Există implementat un protocol de urmărire al scoliozelor care presupune efectuarea unui examen clinic și imagistic (radiografii) la fiecare șase luni, pe toată perioada de creștere a copilului. Deoarece investigațiile precum radiografiile (RX) și tomografia computerizata, pot determina efecte negative asupra corpului în creștere al copilului, s-au cautat noi metode de diagnosticare și urmărire a evoluției scoliozei ( studiile au arătat că radiația X poate afecta pielea, ochii, țesutul hematopoetic, gonadele și poate determina dezvoltarea cancerului). In ultimii ani au fost dezvoltate noi metode care sunt non-invazive, nedureroase, neiradiante dar care sunt utilizate la scară redusă. Lucrarea de față încearcă să prezinte metodele utilizate la ora actuală în diagnosticarea și urmărirea scoliozelor, punctând principalele avantaje și dezavantaje ale fiecăreia. Există noi metode dezvoltate, în ultimii ani, în Germania de către cei de la Zebris Medical Gmbh -echipamentul Zebris de mapare ultrasonică digitală, în Canada de către cei de la InSpeck Inc -sistemul InSpeck de mapare tridimensională prin preluare digitală de imagine. Noile metode dezvoltate au avantajul de a f...

Purpose: The recovery of periarticular muscles plays a very important in the functional recovery after total hip arthroplasty. This recovery can be optimized by using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in addition to recovery exercises. This survey aims to prove the beneficial effects of electrical stimulation in the early recovery of patients with hip prosthesis. Material and method: Searches in 4 databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and ResearchGate) have led to the identification of 38 articles as follows: in PubMed - 5, in Google Scholar - 18, in Web of Science - 11, in ResearchGate – 4. Results: The use of TENS in the early recovery stage after hip arthroplasty is relatively little covered in the literature. Of all the articles studied 4 articles meet the inclusion criteria. The beneficial effects of applying TENS on atrophied muscles are: increased muscle strength, decreased edema, and improved functionality. Conclusions: Although it cannot be recommended as the only treatment method in the early recovery stage after hip arthroplasty, in combination with physical exercises, applying TENS immediately after surgery may help repair atrophied muscles.

(1) Background: Scoliosis affects about 3% of the population and the number of children diagnosed with this condition is increasing. Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to observe the effectiveness of rehabilitation specific exercises for this condition. In the present study we aim to observe if symmetrical exercises activate the back muscles in the same way in the case of children with mild scoliosis and those without postural deviations; (2) Methods: We used the thermal imaging camera, which allows a non-invasive, painless investigation that provides real-time information about muscle activity. The study qualitatively assessed muscle activation during exercises. In this study, 30 children were divided into two groups: 15 children diagnosed with mild scoliosis and 15 children without postural deviations; (3) Results: Acquisition of images after each exercise revealed an imbalance in the functioning of the back muscles in children with scoliosis, with areas of higher temperature after exercise on the convexity side of the scoliotic curve. In the second experiment in which children with scoliosis performed the required exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist, they showed a symmetrical activation of the back muscles on the right and left side of the back; (4) Conclusions: In children without postural deviations, symmetrical exercises activate the muscles equally on the right and left sides of the back. In the case of children with scoliosis, the symmetrical exercises indicated in the rehabilitation programs should be performed only under the supervision of a physiotherapist to properly activate the back muscles.

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to present a complicated case of a 2.8 year-old child with knee synovitis of unknown etiology which complicated in a very short time by the appearance of an ankylosis. The removal of the cast after 3 weeks revealed stiffness in flexion of the affected knee. Neither physiotherapy nor attempts to mobilize under anesthesia, led to the expected results. Consequently, the patient was referred to a surgery service for the adherence removal by arthrotomy. During the following 5 months, new complications developed due to a double tibia and peroneal fracture. After the consolidation of the fractures, both the therapist and the recovery protocol were changed. Method: For one and a half years, the child followed two weekly recovery sessions consisting in physiotherapy and massage. At home the child did an exercise program under parental supervision and worn an orthosis. Results: At the end of the rehabilitation program we noticed the restoring the normal amplitude of all the lower limb joints, restoring the muscular strength of the lower limb, and normal course resumption. Conclusion: In addition to the need for a correct diagnosis of the disease, such cases also require an adequate recovery protocol, following the instructions given by the treating physician and to ensure continuity of the rehabilitation program (both in a recovery and home program), until the complete rehabilitation of the deficit.