Cities present new challenges and needs to satisfy and improve lifestyle for their citizens under the concept "Smart City". In order to achieve this goal in a global manner, new technologies are required as the robotic one. But Public entities unknown the possibilities offered by this technology to get solutions to their needs. In this paper the development of the Innovative Public Procurement instruments is explained, specifically the process PDTI (Public end Users Driven Technological Innovation) as a driving force of robotic research and development and offering a list of robotic urban challenges proposed by European cities that have participated in such a process. In the next phases of the procedure, this fact will provide novel robotic solutions addressed to public demand that are an example to be followed by other Smart Cities.

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The objective of this paper is to explain the importance of research in wastewater transportation (sewage systems) using new technologies such as robotics systems and information and communication technologies (ICTs). ECHORD++ (European Coordination Hub for Open Robotics Development) is a very useful tool to foster this research and to meet needs and solutions. In this paper, authors explain the tool as well as the methodology to promote robotics research in urban environments, and the on-going experience will demonstrate that huge advances are made in this field.Engineering

The influence of robotics in the job market has socio-economic consequences and the inevitable loss of job positions, but in the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios, where humans and robots work together, new jobs and business models will be created. These HRI scenarios can be seen in manufacturing, medicine, maintenance, education, etc. and in the future, in most of the daily tasks. The purpose of this article is to analyze from the perspective of Human-Robot Interaction scenarios, which new HRI human roles and HRI tasks categories has to be taken into account. The new HRI human roles will serve to define and homogenize the transverse skills needed for workers working in HRI scenarios and for analyzing the human roles in robotic experiments. We introduce a methodological approach using the TERRINet HRI Template, which facilitates the analysis of tasks that in the near future will be done by humans working with robots. The Template has been used and tested in 20 study cases of HRI scenarios, validating the methodology and looking for homogenization in human roles.