Abstract.In this paper we set bounds on the radiation content of the Universe and neutrino properties by using the WMAP-5 year CMB measurements complemented with most of the existing CMB and LSS data (WMAP5+All), imposing also self-consistent BBN constraints on the primordial helium abundance. We consider lepton asymmetric cosmological models parametrized by the neutrino degeneracy parameter ξ ν and the variation of the relativistic degrees of freedom, ∆N oth ef f , due to possible other physical processes occurred between BBN and structure formation epochs.We get a mean value of the effective number of relativistic neutrino species of N ef f = 3.256 +0.607 −0.641 (68% CL), bringing an important improvement over the similar result obtained from WMAP5+BAO+SN+HST data [57]. We also find a strong correlation between Ω m h 2 and z eq , showing that we observe N ef f mainly via the effect of z eq , rather than via neutrino anisotropic stress as claimed by the WMAP team [57].WMAP5+All data provides a strong bound on helium mass fraction of Y p = 0.2486 ± 0.0085 (68% CL), that rivals the bound on Y p obtained from the conservative analysis of the present data on helium abundance.For neutrino degeneracy parameter we find a bound of −0.216 ≤ ξ ν ≤ 0.226 (68%CL), that represent an important improvement over the similar result obtained by using the WMAP 3-year data.The inclusion in the analysis of LSS data reduces the upper limit of the neutrino mass to m ν < 0.419 eV (95% CL) with respect to the values obtained from the analysis from WMAP5-only data [56] and WMAP5+BAO+SN+HST data [57].We forecast that the CMB temperature and polarization measurements observed with high angular resolutions and sensitivities by the future Planck satellite will reduces the errors on ξ ν and Y p down to σ(ξ ν ) ≃ 0.089 (68% CL) and σ(Y p ) = 0.013 (68% CL) respectively, values fully consistent with the BBN bounds on these parameters.This work has been done on behalf of Planck-LFI activities.PACS numbers: CMBR theory, dark matter, cosmological neutrinos, big bang nucleosynthesis WMAP 5-year constraints on lepton asymmetry and radiation energy density: Implications for Planck2

Distortions of CMB temperature and polarization anisotropy maps caused by gravitational lensing, observable with high angular resolution and sensitivity, can be used to constrain the sterile neutrino mass, offering several advantages against the analysis based on the combination of CMB, LSS and Lyα forest power spectra. As the gravitational lensing effect depends on the matter distribution, no assumption on light-to-mass bias is required. In addition, unlike the galaxy clustering and Lyα forest power spectra, the projected gravitational potential power spectrum probes a larger range of angular scales, the non-linear corrections being required only at very small scales. Taking into account the changes in the time-temperature relation of the primordial plasma and the modification of the neutrino thermal potential, we compute the projected gravitational potential power spectrum and its correlation with the temperature in the presence of DM sterile neutrino. We show that the cosmological parameters are generally not biased when DM sterile neutrino is included. From this analysis we found a lower limit on DM sterile neutrino mass m νs > 2.08 keV at 95% CL, consistent with the lower mass limit obtained from the combined analysis of CMB, SDSS 3D power spectrum and SDSS Lyα forest power spectrum (m νs > 1.7 keV). We conclude that although the information that can be obtained from lensing extraction is rather limited due to the high level of the lensing noise of Planck experiment, weak lensing of CMB offers a valuable alternative to constrain the dark matter sterile neutrino mass.

The recent success of a proposal from some time ago to explain the spectrum of cosmic rays allows some strong conclusions to be made on the physics of supernovae: In the context of this specific proposal to explain the origin of cosmic rays, the mechanism for exploding supernovae of high mass has to be the one proposed by Bisnovatyi-Kogan more than 30 years ago, which was then based on a broader suggestion by Kardashev: A combination of the effects of rotation and magnetic fields explodes the star. Interestingly, this step then leads inevitably to some further suggestions, useful perhaps for the study of gamma ray bursts and the search of a bright standard candle in cosmology.

Motivation: Paranoid schizophrenia, postulated in a macroscopic dimension, is conserved from consumption of the selves, perception, volition, cognition, affect, thought and behavior. The intense study of this condition, as well as the absence of a theory for the mechanism of occurrence, gives it its own aura that seems to absorb the normality known as a characteristic of the Self and transform it into a progressive disharmony, accentuated by acute psychotic episodes and "selective dehumanization". Objective: Presentation of a patient aged 35, with a psychiatric history and symptomatology started ten years ago. It was pharmacologically approached seven years ago with Escitalopram, Buspirone and Clonazepam, but the paranoid background culminated in his being admitted to a closed psychiatric regime (surveillance, "key room") three weeks after the apparent depressive episode. Material and method: Psychiatric evaluation, treatment initiation, psychological evaluation, excluding brain organics, evaluation of intrapsychic dynamics, observations. Results: The patient functions in the paranoid registry, being dominated by pseudo-hallucinations, ideas from the spectrum of xenopathy and control, joining formal and content disorders (circumstantial discourse, tangentiality). It associates the patina of the speech, illogical constructions, the impossibility of materializing the thoughts, the repeated jump between the abstract and concrete levels. He is so deeply immersed in his own ideas about honor, confabulation and self-control, which we "lose" him in what he claims to be: a "complex in continuous development". Conclusions: He describes himself as a warrior whose vein is supported by a willing Ego at all times to disintegrate. It is not compliant with the drug treatment, arguing that it "disturbs me and gives me changes of concentration", which destabilizes and disorganizes a possible ascent in the process of systematizing and engaging the thinking in a near normality.