This study aimed at identifying: 1) the problems faced by Social and natural science teachers of Muhammadiyah Schools Kartasura Indonesia in the implementation of National Curriculum, 2) suitable model for Social and natural science teacher development in the implementation of National Curriculum, 3) lesson study validation as a model for Social and natural science teacher development in the implementation of National Curriculum. Qualitative approach, the paradigm of social definitions particularly on micro studies, was employed in this study. The research subjects were 30 teachers of Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools in Kartasura Indonesia. The informants were teachers, principals, and supervisors. Data collection techniques included documentation, questionnaire, observation, test, and interview. Data analysis techniques were the first and second interpretations. The flow of data analysis included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. This study found out: 1) the problems faced by Social and natural science teachers in the implementation of National Curriculum consist of internal and external issues, 2) model for Social and Natural Science teacher development in the implementation of National Curriculum incorporates lesson study approach and collaborative approach, i.e., workshops, laboratory training, and teacher mentoring, 3) lesson study validation as a model for Social and Natural Science teacher development in the implementation of National Curriculum involves validation of theory and practice.

Purpose of the Study:This study aims to identify the forms of directive politeness act found in the educational discourse, to describe the directive politeness act technique and to formulate directive politeness act that can be used to form the readers' character, especially the students in Indonesia. Methodology:This study used a qualitative approach with multi-column data analysis technique design. The data source of this study was the directive politeness speech act containing a message of character formation in the discourse of education column in the Daily National Newspaper (DNN) Kompas and Republika in the period from January 2018 to March 2018. The data analysis in this research was carried out while the data processing and data validation technique were being conducted. The data analysis is supported by the taxonomy data analysis technique of the Levinson model underlain by the Indonesian cultural background. Result:The research results report that the use of directive politeness acts, in the discourse of education column in the daily national newspaper, can be divided into the politeness act of advising (9.62%), supporting (9.62%), and instructing (9.62%), by which the greatest number is gained. The directive speech act strategy in the discourse of education column can be divided into two types: direct strategy (83%) and indirect strategy (17%). The implication of the directive politeness act in the discourse of education column of DNN can be formulated into 11 character building values, which are religiosity, honesty, harmony-tolerance, discipline, sincerity and hard work, creativity, independence, democracy, curiosity, love for the homeland, and appreciation for other people's works and achievements. The value of honesty, religiosity, and tolerance becomes the strong feature of the discourse of education column in DNN. The results describe that the thriving and excellent main capital in building Indonesia are divinity, harmony, unity, and tolerance. Implications:The values of character education become a worthwhile benchmark in the framework to instill educational values and build readers' independence and maturity in the Indonesian context.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penilaian afektif dalam pembelajaran tematik masa pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kelas di tiga SD Negeri Kecamatan Baki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) perencanaan penilaian afektif pada pembelajaran tematik di SD Negeri kecamatan Baki yaitu guru merumuskan indikator pembelajaran dan PBKB yang memuat komponen-komponen nilai, menentukan aspek yang dinilai, memilih teknik penilaian yang akan digunakan dan mengembangkan instrumen penilaian nilai; 2) Pelaksanaan kegiatan penilaian afektif pada pembelajaran tematik di SD Negeri Kabupaten Baki guru cenderung belum melaksanakan kegiatan penilaian afektif sesuai dengan perencanaan; 3) Pemanfaatan dan tindak lanjut hasil penilaian afektif pada pembelajaran tematik di SD Negeri Kabupaten Baki cenderung dimanfaatkan dan ditindaklanjuti untuk tiga kepentingan yaitu untuk memberikan umpan balik, pelaporan, dan evaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah guru di SD Negeri Kabupaten Baki telah memanfaatkan hasil penilaian afektif sebagai bahan evaluasi efektivitas pembelajaran. Beberapa hal yang dilakukan terkait hal tersebut seperti penerapan strategi acak jadwal, pengubahan metode pembelajaran daring dan pengambilan tindakan tegas kepada siswa. Oleh karena itu, dapat disarankan untuk melaksanakan penilaian afektif sesuai dengan perencanaan pada setiap mata pelajaran

English is becoming more and more important language in th2 21 st century. To respond this condition, some countries start introducing English to their school students earlier. In the newest Curriculum 2013, Indonesian government changes the status of English in elementary school to be an extracurricular activity which was stated as a local content in the previous curriculum. This policy becomes a great concern for some teachers and educators in Indonesia. To address this problem, the writer try to analyze it by proposing three problems; How is the implementation of teaching English as a foreign language in Elementary schools, What are the problems in teaching English in Elementary schools, and What are the challenges of teaching English in Elementary schools. Data were collected from previous research findings, and find out that many elementary schools still teach English with some problem such as unqualified teachers and unsatisfactory learning outcome. Thus, it is challenge for all the stake holders, especially government and higher education institutions.

Politeness strategies in primary school is the foundation of character building. This study aims to identify the power and orientation of positive politeness strategies used by the children at the age of elementary school as the character of Indonesian. This study applies qualitative research with single-case study strategy. The data source consists of all elementary school teachers and students in Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The data were collected by using active observation and focus group discussion.  The data are in the forms of  teaching materials. The data were analyzed using heuristic model proposed by Grice & Leech by applying the principles of reconciliation, cultural and social harmony. The result shows that the elementary school teachers and students having the Javanese cultural background indicated by (a) building the nature of psychological as the core of positive politeness and nation character by improving the empathy feeling, looking for the agreement, giving respect,  appreciating the achievement, and giving the profit to another; (b) prioritizing the duty instead of the rights; (c) creating the wise of directive act strategyby positioning the listener ; (d) respecting others to show the suavity and politeness. Therefore, the Javanese society in line with directive politeness action always put the environment society to keep its social-societal relationship. Keywords: directive politeness, harmony principle, javanese cultural,positive politeness, socio-societal AbstrakStrategi kesantunan di sekolah dasar adalah fondasi pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan orientasi strategi kesantunan positif anak-anak di usia sekolah dasar sebagai karakter bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus tunggal. Sumber data terdiri dari semua guru sekolah dasar dan anak-anak usia SD di Surakarta dan Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan observasi aktif dan diskusi kelompok fokus. Data tersebut berupa bahan ajar. Data dianalisis menggunakan model heuristik yang diajukan oleh Grice & Leech dengan menerapkan prinsip rekonsiliasi, budaya dan keharmonisan sosial. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa guru sekolah dasar dan anak-anak usia SD yang memiliki latar belakang budaya Jawa ditunjukkan dengan (a) membangun sifat psikologis sebagai inti dari kesantunan positif dan karakter bangsa dengan meningkatkan perasaan empati, mencari kesepakatan, memberikan rasa hormat, menghargai pencapaian, dan memberikan keuntungan kepada yang lain; (b) memprioritaskan tugas dan bukan hak; (c) menciptakan strategi tindakan yang efektif dengan memposisikan pendengar; (D) menghormati orang lain untuk menunjukkan kesantunan. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat Jawa sejalan dengan tindakan kesopanan direktif selalu menempatkan masyarakat lingkungan untuk menjaga hubungan sosial-kemasyarakatannya.Kata Kunci: kesantunan direktif, prinsip harmoni, budaya jawa, kesantunan positif, sosio-sosietal.