Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is rare and its diagnosis, clinical course, and management are less well defined relative to other aortic valve abnormalities. Advances in diagnostic imaging, notably in ultrasound, have increased clinical awareness of this anomaly and prompted this review of our experience with 12 new patients and a compilation of previously reported patients to further characterize this condition.

In patients with SHD who had VT related mainly to ischaemic substrates, there was a significantly lower risk of the composite primary outcome of long-term VA recurrence and all-cause mortality among those undergoing substrate modification compared to standard ablation. Long-term success is improved when performing complete substrate modification.

Performing CA-AF with a target ACT > 300 decreases the risk of TE without increasing the risk of bleeding. Patients receiving VKAs required less heparin and reached the target ACT faster compared to NOACs.