Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising and rapidly expanding therapeutic option for a wide range of human malignancies. Despite the ongoing progress of CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies, the application of this therapeutic strategy in solid tumors has encountered several challenges due to antigen heterogeneity, suboptimal CAR T-cell trafficking, and the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel cancer therapy that employs competent or genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) to preferentially proliferate in tumor cells. OVs in combination with CAR T-cells are promising candidates for overcoming the current drawbacks of CAR T-cell application in tumors through triggering immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer cells. ICD is a type of cellular death in which danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and tumor-specific antigens are released, leading to the stimulation of potent anti-cancer immunity. In the present review, we discuss the biological causes of ICD, different types of ICD, and the synergistic combination of OVs and CAR T-cells to reach potent tumor-specific immunity.

The current trend in dental science is to develop novel approaches to the treatment of dental diseases. More often the body’s own proteins are being used, as well as lactoferrin that is the component of exocrine glands secretions. At present lactoferrin can be obtained biotechnologically. Lactoferrin is one of the innate immune system components and is a multifunctional glycoprotein from the transferrin family. This protein is capable of iron binding and thus deprives the microbiota of essential microelement. It’s efficacy against Str. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. Gingivalis, P. Intermedia, Candida albicans was demonstrated. Lactoferrin is active against cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus. Immunomodulatory possibilities of lactoferrin have been shown. In dentistry recombinant lactoferrin is successfully applied in treatment of periodontal diseases, oral mucosa lesions of bacterial, viral and fungal etiology and also in dental caries prevention.