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A practice of launching new products of mechanical engineering and aerospace engineering into mass production shows that their quality is ensured to a considerable extent at the expense of their improvement after production and operation tests. It results in the considerable losses of time and material resources from the initial stage of design up to launching new products into series production. Actually the launchings of new products into series production are delayed for some years. It is explained with that up till now at the design-technological development of new products there are used methods and procedures applied for decades and based on obsolete reference data, although by now there are obtained scientific-technical data allowing the support of engineering product quality completely at the stage of design-technological development and manufacturing with minimum possible improvements after factory and operation testing. To ensure machinery quality during manufacturing it is necessary to observe technological discipline (fulfillment of engineering processes developed), to carry out technological system control and a rapid adjustment in case of possible deviations from allowable values. The methodology presented for the realization of basic fundamentals will allow increasing quality of engineering and aerospace engineering products in practice and reducing time considerably for design-technological improvement after factory and operation testing.

Abstract.Surface is considered at the nanoscale. It is established that there is no direct dependence of surface nanoroughness on roughness obtained when machining. The grain sizes and surface nanoroughness of materials are analyzed in detail. The presence of a functional correlation between granularity and nanoroughness is established. Equations between the nanoroughness pitch along the midline and the granularity of the material have been obtained as a result of regression analysis.

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