Development and preservation of reproductive potential is the actual practical direction of national health care. There are presented results of the medical examination of the child population of St. Petersburg, there are noted gender-age features of somatic, urological and gynecological pathology in adolescents. The effectiveness of medical and social system of the care of adolescent reproductive health was established to manifest by the increased their interest and demand for special consultative structures, the decrease in the number of abortions and sexually transmitted infections. Primary health care activities of youth consultation specialists in conjunction with the teaching teams on moral and sexual education and shaping of healthy lifestyle provide the reduction in the level of risk sexual behavior of adolescents and the improvement of their medical activity. There was shown the necessity of the further improvement of the system of medical and social care for adolescents for the prevention of unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, bad habits and shaping of healthy lifestyle skills.