The organic carbon management in the soil and its relationship with soil physiochemical and biological characteristics to increase the crop productivity have been described based on the byproducts of sugarcane. In this chapter, the available information on the nutrient content especially the organic carbon of various by-products of sugarcane, paves the way for incorporation of waste materials and its compost for improving the soil fertility by soil scientists and agronomists, and further, the ecologists will realize the importance of sugarcane waste and its meritorious characteristics of toxic residue free soil and food products in addition to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, especially methane and nitrous oxides due to applied of synthetic fertilizer in the cultivating field. We have compiled the information on relationship between organic carbon and soil characteristic, factors responsible for depletion of soil organic carbon and its management. The composting process for sugarcane press mud, bagasse, and trash to produce nutrient-rich manure for soil fertility management and its value on saving the purchase of chemical fertilizer leads to easy adoption of organic farming. Overall, we emphasized the importance of waste products of sugarcane and it's nutritive value to increase the soil fertility, crop productivity, and farm income.

Reinforced polymeric composites are profoundly used in variety of applications due to its high strength to weight ratio and ease of fabrication. The wide spread application of reinforced polymeric materials in the electronic industries have created a great demand in fabricating a kind of reinforced polymeric system, which is light but has better mechanical strength and good thermal properties. Especially glass microsphere filled epoxy resin composites is used as a potting compound in electronic and aviation industries. Therefore, knowledge of the fundamental thermal and mechanical properties of these systems is highly essential in the formulation of advanced electronic potting compounds. In this work, the effective mechanical properties of glass microsphere filled epoxy system is investigated numerically by stochastic simulation. Numerical simulation software ANSYS is used to characterise the microstructure of the filled epoxy system. MATLAB code has been developed to model the randomness of the particle. The geometric model generated from the MATLAB code is given as an input to ANSYS. Random particle Representative Volume Element (RVE) model is used to evaluate the mechanical properties at various loading fractions. The effect of particle size on mechanical properties of glass microsphere filled epoxy composite is studied. Further the random RVE modeling scheme is compared with single RVE modeling scheme and its significance is reported. The numerically predicted values of effective modulus is then compared with the analytical models and with the literature experimental data. Also the significance of the analytical model on the determination of properties is reported. Then, the effect of interface on the mechanical characterisation by stochastic model is analysed and the debonding of the particle is also simulated.

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To compensate the oil demand and pollution, scientists explore biodiesel as a pollution free alternate energy. But depending on one particular species of feedstock will lead to its extinction like diesel. For this intent, this research proposes a novelty on blending of binary non-edible high oil yielding species. As biodiesel is a natural constituent with elevated oxygen content, a stability analysis has to be performed to diminish its rapid decay. For stabilizing fuel properties synthetic antioxidants have been involved as inhibitors. Previous studies have been performed on the stability analysis individually as oxidation, thermal and storage stability without analyzing them mutually. This research fills the key gap by deeper mutual stability analysis, as the output parameters of these three stabilities are interrelated. Few samples have shown best stability output parameters which challenges in narrowing the best blend. To face this task, a multi objective optimization study has been done. NOx emission has been reduced with the aid of antioxidants as a twin reward. Two novel assessment tools for validating are, i) FTIR, by which the impact of molecular arrangements on stability variation has been evaluated and ii) Using Infrared Imaging Technique, by which the NOX has been analyzed visually correlating the emission level and engine combustion temperature.