RESUMOA dinâmica de uso e ocupação do solo na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim, em Sergipe, é fator determinante para o comprometimento da qualidade das suas águas. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da água associado com aspectos relacionados ao uso e ocupação do solo, em quatro diferentes estações de monitoramento no período chuvoso e seco. Os parâmetros avaliados foram pH, OD, DBO, DQO, turbidez, Sólidos Dissolvidos Totais (SDT), fósforo total, nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrito e nitrato, no período de julho de 2009 a junho de 2010. As amostras de água foram coletadas em quatro estações de monitoramento (E1, no rio Poxim-Mirim; E2, no rio Poxim-Açu; E3, no rio Poxim, próxima à confluência dos dois afluentes citados; e E4, no ponto de captação para abastecimento público . Os resultados foram comparados aos padrões brasileiros de qualidade para as águas doces (Classe 2), conforme a Resolução CONAMA n° 357/2005. DBO e DQO mostraram maior aporte de matéria orgânica, na estação E3. OD apresentou valores críticos nas quatro estações. Os nutrientes nitrogênio e fósforo apresentaram maiores concentrações nas estações E1 e E2 (parte alta da sub-bacia, com características agrícolas). A parte baixa da sub-bacia apresentou uma elevada degradação da qualidade da água devido ao processo de urbanização. Os parâmetros estudados indicam a baixa qualidade da água na sub-bacia do rio Poxim e a necessidade de adoção de medidas mitigatórias apropriadas. Palavras-chave: Monitoramento ambiental; recursos hídricos; qualidade da água.Assessing the spatial and temporal water quality in the sub-basin of the Poxim river, Sergipe state, Brazil ABSTRACTThe dynamics of the land use and cover in the Poxim river basin, in Sergipe, Brazil, is a determinant factor for reducing the superficial water quality. This study aimed to identify aspects of water quality related to the land use and cover in four different monitoring stations, in the rainy and dry season. The monitored parameters were pH, DO, BOD, COD, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, between July 2009 and June 2010. Water samples were collected at four monitoring stations (E1, in the Poxim-Mirim River; E2, in the Poxim-Açu River; E3, in the main river, near the confluence VASCO, A. N.; BRITTO, F. B.; PEREIRA, A. P. S.; MÉLLO JÚNIOR, A. V. M.; GARCIA, C. A. B.; NOGUEIRA, L. C. Avaliação espacial e temporal da qualidade da água na sub-bacia do rio Poxim, Sergipe, Brasil. Ambi-Agua, Taubaté, v. 6, n. 1, p. 118-130, 2011 . (doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.178) 119 of the two tributaries; and E4, at the Sanitation Company of Sergipe State water supply intake) and analyzed at the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the Federal University of Sergipe State. The results were compared with Brazilian standards for fresh water quality (Class 2), according to CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005. BOD and COD showed a higher input of organic matter in the monitoring station E3. OD values were critical in all four stations. The nutrients nitrogen a...
Resumo -A crescente atividade agrícola em áreas de mananciais tem causado preocupações quanto à contaminação por herbicidas em áreas agrícolas. O problema se torna mais importante quando a contaminação pode afetar a água para uso humano, como ocorre com a água do Rio Poxim, que abastece a cidade de Aracaju, capital do Estado de Sergipe. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o risco de contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas por herbicidas no alto da Sub-bacia do Rio Poxim e detectar a presença dos princípios ativos Diuron e Ametrina, à montante das plantações de cana-de-açúcar. A análise de risco foi realizada mediante critérios da Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), índice de GUS e método de GOSS. Observou-se que vários princípios ativos sofrem risco de lixiviação, demonstrando a importância do monitoramento do rio para controle tanto da qualidade da água como da frequência e volume de herbicidas aplicado na região. A partir do resultado, foi realizado um monitoramento bimensal de julho de 2009 a julho de 2010, em dois pontos de amostragem. As amostras de água foram analisadas em laboratório, onde se, constatou a presença de Diuron e Ametrina. A qualidade da água na Sub-bacia do Rio Poxim está sendo influenciada pelo uso de herbicidas na região. Ocorreu um aumento nas concentrações dos herbicidas na água superficial, durante o período chuvoso, provocado possivelmente pelo escoamento superficial.Palavras-chave -Contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Efeito dos herbicidas. Solos-lixiviação.Abstract -Increased agricultural activity in watershed areas has been causing concern over contamination by herbicides in agricultural areas. The problem becomes more important when contamination can affect water for human consumption, as happens with water from the Poxim river, which supplies the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of contamination by herbicides to both surface and groundwater in the upper sub-basin of the Poxim River, and to detect the presence of the active ingredients Diuron and Ametrine up-river from the sugar-cane plantations. Risk analysis was carried out using criteria from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the GUS index, and the GOSS method. It was observed that several active ingredients are at risk of leaching, demonstrating the importance of monitoring the river to control both the quality of water and the frequency and volume of herbicides used in the region. Based on the results, monitoring was carried out bi-monthly from July 2009 to July 2010 at two sampling points. Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory, where the presence of Diuron and Ametrine was noted. Water quality in the Sub-basin of the Rio Poxim is being influenced by the use of herbicides in the region. There was an increase in herbicide concentration in the surface water during the rainy season, possibly caused by soil runoff.
Contamination of water body by diffuse and point sources in springs has caused concerns mainly due to restrictions on its quality. The problem becomes more serious when contamination affects water for human consumption, as occurs in the river São Francisco, which supplies several municipalities of Sergipe. In this sense, the objective of the study was to evaluate water quality in eleven tributaries of the São Francisco river in its low course in the period from 2013 to 2014, in order to subsidize decision making by public management bodies operating in the region. For this purpose, it was used the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI), as well the hierarchical grouping techniques associated to the samples to compare the different causes of contamination of each source. The lowest WQI values were observed in the rivers Betume and Jacaré and they were associated with high concentrations of coliforms related to the disposal of domestic effluents from the riverside cities. It was observed a tendency to eutrophication in the Jacaré stream, Santo Antônio, Pilões, Papagaio and Capivara rivers demonstrated by the high TSI in the rainy season. The results of the cluster analysis were close to their Euclidean distance, and showed that there were similarity relationships between the different water sources related to their parameters of water quality. In this piece of work, we also used the Factor Analysis resulted in the selection of five factors of water quality indicators which are mainly related to mineral content, organic matter, surface runoff and the level of pollution. Thus, it is concluded that the water quality of the São Francisco river tributaries is at a strong tendency towards contamination and that its tributaries need a constant monitoring for the environmental management decisions to be the most adequate for the sustainable survival of the riverside communities.
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