No abstract

There are three types of learning styles, to meet the learning styles of students, both visual and auditory types, there needs to be an innovation of supportive and appropriate learning media. In addition, the learning media can also be one of the supporting media in the implementation of online learning. Therefore, a research was conducted that aims to produce online-based learning media that is integrated with video and audio. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 3D model consisting of 3 stages, namely Definition, Design. The products that have been produced are then validated by 3 experts to determine eligibility based on expert assessments. Then a limited trial was conducted on 6 students to find out their response to the learning website and become one of the references in improving the media. The expert's assessment shows that the Website-Based Sciences Learning Media product that is integrated with video and audio is very feasible, which is marked by a percentage score of 91,68%. In addition, students' perceptions of the use of Website-Based Sciences Learning Media that are integrated with video and audio are at a value of 91,31% with a good category.

The study aimed to determine the effect of N-Hexane extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves on testis weight of male mice (Mus musculus), along with the amount, motility, viability, and abnormality of its sperm. The tested animals used in this study were male Mus musculus aged 10-12 weeks with the average body weight (bw) of 21 g. The study was an experimental study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consists of one control group (A0, without extract) and three experimental groups (A1, A2, A3, with the extract concentration of 125 mg/kg bw, 250 mg/kg bw, and 500 mg/kg bw, respectively). The volume of extract given to each experimental mice was 1 cc per day, for a total of 18 days. The parameter of observation were the weight of testis, along with the amount, motility, viability, and the total of abnormal sperm. The data collected were analyzed by using F Test (α 0,05) and BNT Test (α 0,05). The result of data analysis showed that the N-Hexane extract of A. paniculata which was given for 18 days consecutively has affected the spermatozoa production of male mice. Each concentration of N-Hexane extract of A. paniculata (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg bw) had caused the decreasing of testis weight; the decreasing of spermatozoa production; the decreasing of motility and viability of spermatozoa; and the increasing of abnormal sperm. Hence, the study suggested that the N-hexane extract of A. paniculata has the potential to be used as antifertility treatment as it decreased the reproductive fuction of male Mus musculus. The extract concentration which cause the biggest effect is 500 mg/kg bw.

The research is a descriptive study aimed to investigate the understanding of Family Planning counselors on Natural Family Planning (NFP) methods. Although the information about Family Planning Services already available, the level of participation on Family Planning is still low, especially on NFP. One of the factors causing this phenomenon is the inadequate information provided by doctors, nurses, and family planning, counselors. In order to encourage community participation through NFP methods, their understanding of how reproductive cycles relate with a fertile period should be enhanced. For this purpose, Family planning counselors play an important role, as they are responsible for providing reliable information for the community. Accordingly, an assessment of the counselors' level of knowledge on NFP as well as the different level of knowledge among Family Planning counselors in cities and districts. The study population was all family planning counselors in South Sulawesi, and a total of 45 counselors from two regencies and one city participated as the study sample. The data of the counselors' knowledge were collected using an objective test and essay questions regarding NFP methods. The result showed that the average knowledge regarding NFP methods of Family Planning counselors in Makassar City was higher than the counselors from Maros and Gowa regencies.

Detection and monitoring of ovulation has long been practiced by women, particularly those participating in a natural family planning program. The urge of Indonesian Government for the society to participate in family planning program has caused the increasing demand for cheap and efficient method of self-test to predict fertile period in each menstrual cycle. The cheap, easy, and efficient method in predicting fertile period would be beneficial in encouraging more people to participate in natural family planning program. There are several low-cost methods can be used to detect the time of ovulation as an indication of fertile period, such as basal body temperature and cervical mucus. However, their interpretation is not always easy, particularly for young women. Calendar system and salivary ferning are two methods which have been perceived easy to be implemented and do not require special expertise, yet has been effective in promoting natural family planning practice. Calendar system is a method which requires a woman to keep track of menstrual cycle length using a calendar. Salivary ferning is the formation of crystalsalivary ferning simultaneously may provide a better insight in fertile period based on calendar system and salivary ferning. The result of observation showed that salivary ferning pattern found on day 11 and 16 of a menstrual cycle which is included in fertile days based on calendar system. The formation of salivary ferning pattern during fertile period as calculated through the calendar system support the potential use of calendar system and salivary ferning simultaneously as a double check to detect fertile period.