Bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) is an indigenous plant in Borneo traditionally used by Dayak tribes to treat any kind of degenerative deseases including diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this research was to measure antioxidant and antidiabetic capacities of water and ethanolic extracts of bawang dayak bulb. Parameters evaluated in this research Keywords: alpha-glucosidase, antioxidant, Eleutherine palmifolia, fenol, flavonoid ABSTRAKUmbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) adalah tumbuhan yang banyak dijumpai di Kalimantan Timur dan oleh masyarakat Dayak telah sejak dahulu dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit diantaranya diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kapasitas antioksidan dan antidiabetik yang terdapat pada fraksi air dan etanol umbi bawang dayak dengan cara melakukan penapisan fitokimia, pengukuran kandungan fenol dan flavonoid, pengukuran aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas DPPH, dan pengukuran aktivitas inhibitor enzim alfa glukosidase. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa total fenol dan total flavonoid yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak etanol (217.71 mg GAE/g dan 65.35 mg QE/g) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air (139.93 mg GAE/g dan 16.95 mg QE/g). Seiring dengan hal tersebut aktivitas antioksidan dan inhibitor alfa glukosidase juga lebih tinggi pada ekstrak etanol (nilai IC50112 dan 241 ppm) dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air (nilai IC50 526 dan 505 ppm) bahkan nilai IC50 inhibitor alfa glukosidase ekstrak etanol lebih rendah daripada acarbose yang dikenal sebagai agen antidiabetik komersial. Kata kunci: alfa glukosidase, antioksidan, Eleutherine palmifolia, fenol, flavonoid PENDAHULUAN1Indonesia memiliki kekayaan hayati yang sangat besar. Berbagai jenis tumbuhan di negeri ini telah menjadi sumber potensial untuk agen terapeutik selama bertahun-tahun dan telah banyak yang berkembang menjadi obat-obatan modern. Kebanyakan senyawa fitokimia seperti fenolik, flavonoid, turunan coumarin dan lainnya yang terkandung di dalam bahan tanaman tertentu diketahui dapat menangkal stres oksidatif di tubuh manusia dengan cara membantu mempertahankan keseimbangan antara oksidan dan antioksidan.Stres oksidatif adalah suatu keadaan ketika kandungan oksidan atau radikal bebas di dalam tubuh lebih banyak dibandingkan antioksidan. Tubuh memiliki enzim antioksidan *Penulis Korespondensi: E-mail: aefebrinda@yahoo.com. Telp. : +6281213559414 alami yang bekerja mengatasi radikal bebas. Namun bila jumlah radikal bebas yang terbentuk sangat banyak sehingga melampaui kemampuan enzim antioksidan untuk mengatasinya maka terjadilah ketidakseimbangan yang disebut stres oksidatif. Selain menyerang protein, stres oksidatif juga terjadi pada bagian membran sel. Proses oksidasi asam lemak tak jenuh yang terdapat pada membran biologis mengakibatkan penurunan fluiditas membran serta rusaknya struktur dan fungsi membran (Tandon et al. 2004). Kerusakan seluler yang ditimbulkan oleh peroksidasi lipid diketahui berhubungan dengan progresi dari berbagai penyakit degeneratif, seperti...
Bawang dayak are native to the American continent, but have long entered the Asian continent. Merril in 1912 identified bawang dayak in the Philippines as Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr. which is a synonym for Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. Scientific evidence of the efficacy of bawang dayak in overcoming diabetes has been published since 2011. Several scientific publications have also shown the positive effect of bawang dayak in modulating the immune system, among others, through anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-diabetic and immunomodulatory properties possessed make bawang dayak herbs have the potential to be developed into a health drink that is useful in controlling blood sugar and helping to maintain the immune system of diabetics, especially in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, bawang dayak boiled water has an unpleasant taste character with the distinctive odor of grass so it is necessary to formulate with other herbs that can increase consumer acceptance of the taste and flavor. In previous research, we have developed a functional drink based on bawang dayak herbs, but it is still necessary to improve the product formulation to get the preferred taste but still have high antioxidant properties, safe for consumption, and easy to obtain. This study aims to obtain the formulation of herbal compositions in bawang dayak anti-diabetic functional drinks which have high antioxidant properties and taste that consumers prefer. The formulation of bawang dayak with extracts of lemongrass, ginger and tamarind proved to be organoleptically preferred by panelists and has antioxidant activity equivalent to 44 ppm of ascorbic acid (44 ppm AEAC).Key words : antioxidant, bawang dayak, Eleutherine palmifolia, functional drink. ABSTRAKBawang dayak merupakan tanaman asli benua Amerika, namun sudah sejak lama masuk ke benua Asia. Merril di tahun 1912 mengidentifikasi bawang dayak di Filipina dengan nama Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr yang merupakan sinonim dari Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. Pembuktian ilmiah tentang khasiat bawang dayak dalam mengatasi penyakit diabetes telah mulai dipublikasikan sejak tahun 2011. Beberapa publikasi ilmiah juga memperlihatkan pengaruh positif umbi bawang dayak dalam memodulasi sistem imun, antara lain melalui aktivitas anti inflamasi. Khasiat antidiabetes dan imunomodulator yang dimiliki bawang dayak menjadikan herbal bawang dayak memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi minuman kesehatan yang bermanfaat dalam mengontrol gula darah dan membantu menjaga daya tahan tubuh penderita diabetes, khususnya di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Namun, air rebusan bawang dayak memiliki karakter rasa yang sepat dengan aroma langu khas rerumputan sehingga diperlukan formulasi ekstrak bawang dayak dengan herbal lain yang dapat meningkatkan penerimaan konsumen terhadap rasa dan aromanya. Pada penelitian terdahulu kami telah mengembangkan formula minuman fungsional antidiabetes bawang dayak, namun masih diperlukan penyempurnaan formulasi produk dan bentuk sajiannya untuk mendapatkan cita rasa yang lebih disukai Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi komposisi herbal dalam minuman fungsional antidiabetik bawang dayak yang memiliki khasiat antioksidan yang tinggi dan rasa yang disukai konsumen. Formulasi bawang dayak dengan ekstrak sereh dapur dan ekstrak jahe yang ditambahkan dengan asam jawa dan pemanis stevia terbukti secara organoleptik disukai oleh panelis dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 44 ppm AEAC.Kata kunci : antioksidan, bawang dayak, Eleutherine palmifolia, minuman fungsional
Tempe is chosen as the main ingredient of tempe drink powder (TDP) due to its protein digestibility, phytochemical compounds, as well as vitamins and minerals. Previous studies had been conducted to develop TDP formula. The commercial TDP formula showed that improvement of quality aspects needs to be done so the product has better physical and chemical characteristics. In order to optimize the TDP formula, the viscosity, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), sedimentation index (SI), proximate, antioxidant activity, isoflavone content, GABA content, and physicochemical properties were analyzed. The optimized formula was done using the mixture experiment optimization method with optimization d-optimal to obtain the best formula. The optimization result showed that the best formula proportion consisted of 70% (w/w) Tempe flour, 18.23% (w/w) maltodextrin and 1.77% (w/w) guar gum. The best formula was chosen due to having better chemical characteristics compared with the commercial TDP and commercial soy drink powder (SDP), with protein content of 42.61%, antioxidant activity of 58.36 mgAEAC/100g, daidzein and genistein isoflavones of each 48.18 and 140.06 mg/100g and GABA of 21.24 mg/g. Based on the physical characteristics, the optimum formula had a lower viscosity value (18.67 cP) and WAI (2.58g/g) as well as a higher SI value (10.18%) and WSI (9.70%) compared with the commercial TDP. The optimum TDP formula has fulfilled the quality requirements based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7612:2011) regarding soy drink powder.
The Dayak tribe in Kalimantan has long used bawang dayak as a traditional cure for various degenerative diseases. Previous research showed that bawang dayak bulb has an active compound that can inhibit the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, known as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI). Compounds that have such ability has a potential in controlling blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus. This research aims to study the effective dosage of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of bawang dayak bulb as an AGI through an oral glucose tolerance test in male Sprague Dawley rats. Experimental rats were divided into 14 groups, 7 for the ethanolic extract test and 7 for the aqueous extract test. The extracts were applied in 5 dosage levels in each test, with acarbose as a drug control and distilled water as a positive control. Data were plotted to determine the area under the curve (AUC). The effective dosage was the lowest dosage that gave a significantly smaller AUC value than the AUC value of the positive control group. The effective dosage for bawang dayak aqueous extract and bawang dayak ethanolic extract was 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively.
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