The recent technological advances in geospatial data collection have created massive data sets with better spatial and temporal resolution than ever. To properly deal with these data sets, geographical information systems (GIS) must evolve to represent, access, analyze and visualize big spatiotemporal data in an efficient and integrated way. In this paper, we highlight challenges in temporal GIS development and present a proposal to overcome one of them: how to access spatiotemporal data sets from distinct kinds of data sources. Our approach uses Semantic Web techniques and is based on a data model that takes observations as basic units to represent spatiotemporal information from different application domains. We define a RDF vocabulary for describing data sources that store or provide spatiotemporal observations.
This paper explores a new source of graphite for working electrodes, which presents advantages such as low electrical resistance, good flexibility, favorable mechanical performance, versatility to design electrodes in almost any size and very low cost. The new electrodes were investigated in batch electrochemical cells as associated with flow injection analysis systems. Cyclic voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, and amperometry associated with flow injection analysis techniques were applied for the determination of ascorbic acid, zinc and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations, respectively. Well-established analytical methods were applied for comparison purposes. The results herein demonstrate the potential of graphite foils as working electrodes in different electroanalytical methods, offering the possibility of producing disposable sensors for routine applications.
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