No abstract

Air pollution regulations are forcing ports all over the world to implement Alternative Maritime Power (AMP) solutions to improve the air quality of port areas. At this aim, the port operators have to provide safe and reliable electrical connections to the docked ships. The IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1 standard identifies the global criteria that allow ships from all over the world to connect to the compliant ports. As underlined from the standard itself, the electrical connections shore to ship may generate risks, also considering that the interface area between the shore and the ship is a special location for electric shocks. These concerns regard not only the safety of the operators for ground fault interferences causing transferred touch potentials, but also the integrity of the ship itself that may be subjected to a galvanic corrosion. This paper analyzes the current grounding solutions and proposes the adoption of a TN-island system compliant with the international standard that allows reducing the risks for ship's corrosion due to DC currents and transferred touch potentials

Continuity of supply determines the investment strategy forDSOs in terms of structure and technology. All interventions are oriented to improve the reference indicators. In Italy, the performances of network are evaluated by means: SAID and SAIF Indexes. From 2016 Italian Authority ended the awards and penalties regulation for Average Duration of Outages per LV customers, defining spent the period of "improving" for this indicator; from now is foreseen just "conservative" regulation oriented to preserve the reached levels. In the next years, the very challenge is set for the Average Number of Outages, for which the Regulator determined to reach the target levels for 2023. Referring to this objective e-distribuzione has started to develop an innovative selection system of network failures, based on logic coordination between protection systems, in order to optimize the time equivalent of an electrical fault extinction and consequently reduce the equivalent customer moment [1]. The full development of such a system will be done through an appropriated integration and evolution of network protection and control systems, until now experimented from e-distribuzione in various financed projects [1], [2], [3] and [4]. This proposed solution will not modify the typical scheme of operation of MV distribution feeders.