All (NZB x NZW)F1 (BWF1) female mice develop lupus-like disease, compared to ~30% of male BWF1 mice. Our previous research described an immunosuppressive effect of Gr1hiCD11bhi cells in male BWF1 mice. Specifically, as BWF1 mice age, female Gr1hi cells lost their ability to suppress altogether, while antibody-mediated depletion of Gr1hi cells accelerated disease development in male mice only. Reverse transcriptase-PCR studies revealed upregulated S100a9 and S100a8 mRNA levels in male flow-sorted Gr1hi cells as compared to cells from female BWF1 mice and non-autoimmune stains, leading us to hypothesize that S100a8/a9 produced by male Gr1hi cells is immunosuppressive. To study this, we created S100a9-deficient BWF1 mice. Our results showed spleen weight and splenocyte count, indicators of lupus advancement, were significantly higher in S100a9−/−male mice. Additionally, increased IgG-IC deposition in kidney glomeruli of S100a9−/−male mice was observed along with a significant increase in serum anti-chromatin IgG levels. Deficiency of S100a9 also resulted in increased frequencies of memory B cells and plasma cells in male mice, but not in female mice. Interestingly, S100a9-deficiency caused an accumulation of Gr1hiCD11b+ splenocytes in male mice. We speculated that this is due to a lack of trafficking of Gr1hi cells into the glomerulus of the kidney due to S100a9-deficiency. Subsequent IHC confirmed the lack of S100a9 expression in kidneys from S100a9-deficient mice. Finally, H/E and Trichrome stainings indicated accelerated renal failure in S100a9−/−mice. In conclusion, S100a9 may function as a chemoattractant of Gr1hi cells exerting immunosuppression and protection against lupus-like renal disease in male BWF1 mice.

This article aims at investigating the emergence of the American folk horror revival of the 2010s, focusing on texts such as Ari Aster’s Midsommar (2019) or Robert Eggers’s The VVitch (2015). This survey of the folk horror revival will inevitably lead us to the genre’s past, particularly to the so-called Unholy Trinity, comprised by three films released in Great Britain during the late 1960s and early 1970s. This temporal and geographical dislocation will be situated against a larger background of cultural production, arguing that the appearance of the folk horror revival sheds some light on the debate on nostalgia and pastiche as the predominant artistic modes under late capitalism. The notion of hauntology, as explored by Jacques Derrida, Mark Fisher, or Katy Shaw, will be used throughout the essay in order to provide a form theoretical ground on which this debate can take place.

No abstract

Determinantes macroeconómicos del riesgo de impago en créditos de vivienda de interés social-vis en Bogotá, en el periodo 2003-2015 Resumen En esta investigación se indaga acerca de la situación del riesgo de impago en créditos hipotecarios VIS en Bogotá en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2003 y 2015 para identificar las variables macroeconómicas que influenciaron su comportamiento. Para lograrlo, se consideran escritos de varios autores en donde se enuncian problemas políticos, sociales y económicos para buscar relaciones entre el comportamiento de estas variables con el impago de las obligaciones, y en un futuro se pueda intervenir y evitar la ocurrencia del evento. Además, se busca responder si los problemas actuales responden a una situació n coyuntural o bien, si representan límites estructurales de este tipo de producción. Se realiza un modelo de corrección del error y análisis de funciones impulso respuesta con datos de periodicidad trimestral para el periodo 2003-2015 para Bogotá, publicados por la secretaria del hábitat, para obtener evidencia empírica suficiente de la hipótesis planteada. Los resultados permiten brindar evidencia de la presencia de tres vectores de cointegración entre las variables estudiadas y sugieren que tras bruscas alteraciones en indicadores como el PIB, tasa de desempleo, las tasas de interés, UVR y los salarios, se afecta negativamente la calidad de la cartera de créditos (Cartera vencida) VIS en la ciudad de Bogotá. También, se concluyó que la existencia de impago en este tipo de obligaciones obedece a causas estructurales. Con la metodología planteada, se puede trabajar para incluir otros tipos de crédito del Sistema Financiero y así mismo hacer sugerencias de intervención oportuna para evitar crisis económicas. Palabras Claves: Riesgo de impago, vivienda de interés social, Crédito VIS, cartera vencida, modelo de corrección del error.