We consider a three-dimensional composite material made of small inclusions periodically embedded in an elastic matrix, the whole structure presents strong heterogeneities between its different components. In the general framework of linearized elasticity we show that, when the size of the microstructures tends to zero, the limit homogeneous structure presents, for some wavelengths, a negative mass density tensor. Hence we are able to rigorously justify the existence of forbidden bands, i.e., intervals of frequencies in which there is no propagation of elastic waves. In particular, we show how to compute these band gaps and we illustrate the theoretical results with some numerical simulations.
RESUMENA pesar de la reconocida importancia de los incendios forestales, la investigación sobre modelación de ocurrencia de incendios es escasa en el Hemisferio Sur, y en particular en Chile. Se estudió el efecto de la heterogeneidad del paisaje en la ocurrencia de incendios forestales en Chile Central. Se ajustó un modelo que incluye variables climáticas, topográfi cas, de actividad humana y cobertura del suelo. La probabilidad de ocurrencia aumentó con una mayor temperatura mínima y estacionalidad de la precipitación, y disminuyó con una mayor distancia a las ciudades. El modelo clasifi có correctamente un 65% de los datos de validación. Las predicciones sugieren que un 38% del área de estudio tiene muy alta probabilidad de ocurrencia de incendios, la cual aumenta bajo un simulado escenario futuro. El modelo predictivo debería ser utilizado como una herramienta para orientar aspectos urgentes de protección y prevención, lo cual debe continuar siendo discutido y evaluado.Palabras clave: Clima, disturbios antrópicos, patrones de paisaje, regresión logísti-ca, sensores remotos.
ABSTRACTForest fi res are recognized as a serious problem. Despite its importance, research into modelling of forest fi re occurrence is lacking for the southern hemisphere, in particular for Chile. We investigated how landscape heterogeneity affects the probability of the occurrence of forest fi res in Central Chile. We fi tted a logistic regression model which included climatic, topographic, human-related and land-cover variables. Estimated probabilities of forest fi re occurrence increased positively
We proved a multiplicity result for a nonlinear elliptic system in R N . The functional related to the system is strongly indefinite. We investigated the relation between the number of solutions and the topology of the set of the global maxima of the coefficients.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification : 35J45, 35J50, 35J60, 35B38.
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