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The aim of this research was to identify the extent of, and barriers, to pro-environmental activity within community-based, association football clubs in England Design/Methodology/Approach Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with volunteers at community football clubs in the FA county of 'North Country'. FindingsThe ownership and management of football facilities provides for a low level of independent decision making by clubs and negates the encouragement of pro-environmental activity. Practical ImplicationsStrategies for increased environmental activity in football need to look beyond individual clubs and volunteers to the way the sport is organised.

Agroecology is widely regarded and advocated as a participatory approach. This scoping review assessed the extent, range, and nature of available evidence on participatory research methods in agroecology studies conducted in South Asia. From 2069 records identified in two databases, we included a total of 27 studies, of which 20 were conducted in India. We found that a diverse range of participatory research methods have been used in agroecology studies. However, farmers are rarely engaged as study collaborators, co-researchers and decision-makers. We recommend that more researchers consider the full potential of participatory methods to develop relevant and effective agroecological solutions.

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ON a Friday afternoon I had to repair a ruptured bladder due to an obstructing calculi in a middle-aged sheltie. Later that evening the dog was unable to urinate satisfactorily due to a calculi down near the os penis. As it was late and my nurse had left for the evening, I decided to refer surgery for a distal urethrostomy to an out-of-hours clinic in central London. At the first clinic the vet on duty felt she was unable to perform this surgery and would refer it on. The second clinic we tried also said they would be unable to perform this surgery. In the third clinic the vet on duty also said he could not perform this surgery but would arrange for a specialist soft tissue surgeon to come in and the cost would be in the region of £5000, and was the owner willing to pay this? I was unwilling to impose this charge on my client, so called my nurse back and performed the surgery myself. The reason for this diatribe from a non-specialist general practitioner is to express my intense disappointment at the level of service and estimated cost of what I would regard as routine surgery for three modern up-to-date out-of-hours clinics. I believe as a profession we must rethink the capabilities of a general practice compared with a specialist service.