In this cohort of recalcitrant cases, ultrasound scans detected a high proportion of atypical non-insertional plantar fascia disease. This would not be detected without imaging studies, and therefore we recommend the use of ultrasound scanning in cases of recalcitrant plantar heel pain that have failed proper first-line management, in order to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to classify the disease as either insertional or non-insertional plantar fasciopathy (or mixed disease). Only in this way can treatments for this group of patients be systematically evaluated against different disease patterns to determine their effectiveness.

This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Elias, D. A., Carne, A., Bethapudi, S., Engebretsen, L., Budgett, R., O'Connor, P. (2013 AbstractPlantar fascia and distal Achilles injuries are common in elite athletes. Acute athletic injuries of the plantar fascia include acute plantar fasciopathy and partial or complete tears. Underlying most acute injuries is a background of underlying chronic plantar fasciopathy. Injuries may affect the central or less commonly lateral portions of the fascia and acute tears are generally proximal. Athletic Achilles injuries may occur at the mid tendon or the distal insertion, and there may be an underlying chronic tendinopathy. Acute or chronic paratendinopathy may occur as a separate entity or combined with Achilles injury. In this article the spectrum of athletic injuries of the plantar fascia and Achilles is described, illustrated by imaging findings from the London 2012 Olympic games.

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Retroareolar cysts are a rare condition of the adolescent female breast and their reported incidence in the literature is scarce. Arising from obstruction of the terminal channels that drain Montgomery's areolar tubercles retroareolar cysts comprise two different pathological entities; symptomatic and asymptomatic. We report on a case of a symptomatic retroareolar cyst in a 15-year-old girl and review the literature. We highlight the subtle clinical differences from other adolescent breast masses, describe the natural course of the condition and with respect to diagnosis detail the correlation between clinical features and characteristic sonographic findings. Finally, we highlight the importance of preserving the developing breast bud by adopting a conservative approach to the management of retroareolar cysts.